Track Your Progress

Track Your Progress

TherapyRoute

TherapyRoute

Clinical Editorial

Cape Town, South Africa

Medically reviewed by TherapyRoute
TherapyEvidence
❝Most therapists don't track progress with standard measures, but research shows that doing so leads to better outcomes and fewer setbacks. This practical guide puts reliable tracking tools and methods in your hands so you can see real, measurable change and advocate for yourself in therapy.❞

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You're the expert on you. Your therapist is an expert in therapy, but only you know how you're really doing, how you feel when you wake up and function at work, and how your relationships are going.

Research shows that formally monitoring progress improves outcomes 1. When therapists track client progress and get feedback, they catch problems early, adjust treatment, reduce issues by 4% - 8%, and improve outcomes 1.

But here's the problem: Most therapists NEVER use standardised measures to track progress 2. Despite the evidence. Despite the availability of free, validated tools. Despite therapists viewing monitoring favourably. Most therapy happens without any formal tracking.

The solution: Track your own progress. You have access to the same free, validated measures that researchers use. You can monitor how you're doing across multiple dimensions, symptoms, functioning, well-being, and even the therapeutic alliance.

You can be an active participant in your own care, with data to support you, so you can advocate for yourself if therapy stalls.

This guide will show you how.

Free Tools to Track Symptoms (and Progress)

You have access to the same free, validated measures that researchers and clinicians use in clinical trials. These tools don't cost money or require a professional to administer. They're brief, evidence-based questionnaires you can complete on your own, in a few minutes.

Below are the specific tools for each of the four pillars, how to use them, and what the scores mean.

Note: These tools can't replace professional care, but they can help track your progress.

Pillar 1: Symptom Measures

Select the test that matches your primary concern. Note:

Depression Test (PHQ-9)

What it is: A 9-item questionnaire that assesses the nine symptoms of major depression as defined in the DSM-5.

Source: Kroenke, K., et al. (2001). 7

Take the PHQ-9

Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems?

1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things

2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless

3. Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much

4. Feeling tired or having little energy

5. Poor appetite or overeating

6. Feeling bad about yourself — or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down

7. Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television

8. Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite — being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual

9. Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself in some way


Results

Understanding Your PHQ-9 Score

Total score ranges from 0-27:

  • 0-4: Minimal depression
  • 5-9: Mild depression
  • 10-14: Moderate depression
  • 15-19: Moderately severe depression
  • 20-27: Severe depression

What is clinically significant change? A 5-point drop is considered clinically significant 5. Example: Going from 18 (moderately severe) to 13 (moderate) represents meaningful improvement.

Where to find it online:

Anxiety Test (GAD-7)

What it is: A 7-item questionnaire that assesses symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder.

Source: Spitzer, R. L., et al. (2006). 8

Take the GAD-7

Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems?

1. Feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge

2. Not being able to stop or control worrying

3. Worrying too much about different things

4. Trouble relaxing

5. Being so restless that it's hard to sit still

6. Becoming easily annoyed or irritable

7. Feeling afraid, as if something awful might happen


Results

Understanding Your GAD-7 Score

Total score ranges from 0-21:

  • 0-4: Minimal anxiety
  • 5-9: Mild anxiety
  • 10-14: Moderate anxiety
  • 15-21: Severe anxiety

What is clinically significant change? A 6-point drop is considered a reliable change 6.

Where to find it online:

PTSD Test (PCL-5)

What it is: A 20-item checklist for PTSD symptoms (DSM-5). Scores range from 0-80.

Source: Weathers, F. W., et al. (2013). 9

Instructions: In the past month, how much were you bothered by (0=Not at all, 4=Extremely):

1. Repeated, disturbing, and unwanted memories of the stressful experience?

2. Repeated, disturbing dreams of the stressful experience?

3. Suddenly feeling or acting as if the stressful experience were actually happening again?

4. Feeling very upset when something reminded you of the stressful experience?

5. Having strong physical reactions when something reminded you of the stressful experience?

6. Avoiding memories, thoughts, or feelings related to the stressful experience?

7. Avoiding external reminders of the stressful experience?

8. Trouble remembering important parts of the stressful experience?

9. Having strong negative beliefs about yourself, other people, or the world?

10. Blaming yourself or someone else for the stressful experience or what happened after it?

11. Having strong negative feelings such as fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame?

12. Loss of interest in activities that you used to enjoy?

13. Feeling distant or cut off from other people?

14. Trouble experiencing positive feelings?

15. Irritable behavior, angry outbursts, or acting aggressively?

16. Taking too many risks or doing things that could cause you harm?

17. Being "superalert" or watchful or on guard?

18. Feeling jumpy or easily startled?

19. Having difficulty concentrating?

20. Trouble falling or staying asleep?


Results

Printable Version: PCL-5 PDF

OCD Test (OCI-R)

What it is: An 18-item inventory for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Scores range from 0-72.

Source: Foa, E. B., et al. (2002). 10

Instructions: How much have these experiences distressed you in the past month? (0=Not at all, 4=Extremely)

1. I have saved up so many things that they get in the way.

2. I check things more often than necessary.

3. I get upset if objects are not arranged properly.

4. I feel compelled to count while I am doing things.

5. I find it difficult to touch an object when I know it has been touched by strangers or certain people.

6. I find it difficult to control my own thoughts.

7. I collect things I don’t need.

8. I repeatedly check doors, windows, drawers, etc.

9. I get upset if others change the way I have arranged things.

10. I feel I have to repeat certain numbers.

11. I sometimes have to wash or clean myself simply because I feel contaminated.

12. I am upset by unpleasant thoughts that come into my mind against my will.

13. I avoid throwing things away because I am afraid I might need them later.

14. I repeatedly check gas and water taps and light switches after turning them off.

15. I need things to be arranged in a particular order.

16. I feel that there are good and bad numbers.

17. I wash my hands more often and longer than necessary.

18. I frequently get nasty thoughts and have difficulty getting rid of them.


Results

Printable Version: OCI-R PDF

Alcohol Use Test (AUDIT)

What it is: A 10-item screen for alcohol use disorders.

Source: Saunders, J. B., et al. (1993). 11

Instructions: Answer based on the past year.

1. How often do you have a drink containing alcohol?

2. How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you are drinking?

3. How often do you have six or more drinks on one occasion?

4. How often during the last year have you found that you were not able to stop drinking once you had started?

5. How often during the last year have you failed to do what was normally expected of you because of drinking?

6. How often during the last year have you needed a first drink in the morning to get yourself going after a heavy drinking session?

7. How often during the last year have you had a feeling of guilt or remorse after drinking?

8. How often during the last year have you been unable to remember what happened the night before because you had been drinking?

9. Have you or someone else been injured as a result of your drinking?

10. Has a relative, friend, doctor, or other health worker been concerned about your drinking or suggested you cut down?


Results

Printable Version: AUDIT PDF

Functioning Tracker (Goal-Based)

Functioning is about how you live—your ability to do the things that matter in daily life. Research shows that social functioning improves less than symptoms (g = 0.40) 4, meaning you can feel better but still struggle to work, maintain relationships, or engage in activities.

The Gap Problem

A meta-analysis of psychotherapy for depression found that while depressive symptoms improved significantly, improvements in social functioning were smaller and not fully explained by symptom reduction 4. This means:

  • Your PHQ-9 score can drop from 18 to 8 (great!)
  • But you might still be struggling to go to work, see friends, or take care of yourself
  • This isn't a failure—it's a normal pattern that requires specific attention

How to Track Functioning: The Goal-Based Approach

Unlike symptoms, there's no single standardised measure for functioning that works for everyone. Instead, use this Goal Tracker weekly.

Weekly Goal Tracker

Instructions: Identify up to 3 specific goals (e.g., "Attend work," "Cook dinner," "Walk the dog"). Rate your performance this week.

Scale: 0 = Did not do it at all | 5 = Did it halfway | 10 = Fully achieved


Weekly Average

What to Do If Functioning Isn't Improving

  1. Make functioning an explicit goal in therapy. Tell your therapist: "I want to focus on getting back to work" or "I want to improve my relationships."
  2. Use behavioural activation. This is a specific intervention for depression that focuses on scheduling and engaging in activities, even when you don't feel like it.
  3. Break goals into smaller steps. If "exercise 3 times per week" feels overwhelming, start with "take a 10-minute walk once a week" and build from there.
  4. Address external barriers. Sometimes functioning doesn't improve because of external factors. Therapy can help you cope with these, but it can't remove them.
  5. Consider whether the therapy approach is right. If you've been in therapy for 12+ weeks, your symptoms have improved, but your functioning hasn't budged, discuss shifting focus.
Well-being Test (WHO-5)

Well-being isn't just the absence of symptoms—it's the presence of positive experiences. You can have low depression and anxiety scores but still feel like life lacks meaning, joy, or vitality. Well-being captures this dimension.

WHO-5 Well-Being Index

What it is: A 5-item questionnaire that assesses subjective well-being over the past two weeks.

Source: World Health Organization (1998). 12

Take the WHO-5

Please indicate for each of the five statements which is closest to how you have been feeling over the last 2 weeks.

1. I have felt cheerful and in good spirits

2. I have felt calm and relaxed

3. I have felt active and vigorous

4. I woke up feeling fresh and rested

5. My daily life has been filled with things that interest me


Results

Understanding Your WHO-5 Score

Total raw score ranges from 0-25. Multiply by 4 to get a percentage score (0-100).

  • 0-28%: Poor well-being (consider screening for depression)
  • 29-50%: Low well-being
  • 51-100%: Positive well-being

What is a clinically significant change? A 10-point increase (in the percentage score) is considered clinically relevant. Example: Going from 32% to 42% represents meaningful improvement.

Why Well-being Matters

Research on positive psychology and well-being shows that:

  • Well-being isn't just the flip side of distress. You can have low anxiety and depression but still feel empty, unmotivated, or disconnected. Conversely, you can have some symptoms but still experience moments of joy, connection, and meaning.
  • Well-being predicts long-term outcomes. People with higher well-being are more resilient, have better physical health, and are less likely to relapse into depression or anxiety.
  • Well-being can be cultivated. Interventions like gratitude practices, savouring positive experiences, engaging in meaningful activities, and building social connections can enhance well-being, even if symptoms are still present.

What to Do If Well-being Isn't Improving

  1. Discuss it with your therapist. Say something like: "My depression and anxiety scores have improved, but I still don't feel like life has much meaning or joy. Can we work on that?"
  2. Explore meaning and values. Therapies like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) focus explicitly on identifying your values and taking action aligned with them, which can enhance well-being.
  3. Engage in activities that bring joy or meaning. This might include hobbies, creative pursuits, volunteering, spending time in nature, or connecting with others.
  4. Practice gratitude or savouring. Simple practices like writing down three things you're grateful for each day or intentionally savouring positive moments can boost well-being.
  5. Consider whether depression is fully treated. Low well-being can be a residual symptom of depression. If your PHQ-9 is still above 5, there may be room for further symptom reduction.

Printable Version: WHO-5 PDF

Therapy Alliance Test (WAI-SR)

The therapeutic alliance is the strongest predictor of therapy outcomes 3. If the alliance is weak, therapy is unlikely to help, regardless of the approach or your therapist's credentials. Tracking the alliance helps you catch problems early.

WAI-SR (Working Alliance Inventory - Short Revised)

What it is: A 12-item questionnaire that assesses three components of the therapeutic alliance:

  • Bond: The personal connection and trust between you and your therapist
  • Goals: Agreement on what you're working toward
  • Tasks: Agreement on how you're working (the methods and activities)

Source: Hatcher, R. L., & Gillaspy, J. A. (2006). 13

Take the WAI-SR

Instructions: Below are sentences that describe some of the different ways a person might feel about his or her therapist. As you read the sentences, mentally replace "___" with your therapist's name.

Rate how you feel about your therapist (1=Seldom to 5=Always).

1. As a result of these sessions I am clearer as to how I might be able to change.

2. What I am doing in therapy gives me new ways of looking at my problem.

3. I believe that my therapist likes me.

4. My therapist and I collaborate on setting goals for my therapy.

5. My therapist and I respect each other.

6. My therapist and I are working towards mutually agreed upon goals.

7. I feel that my therapist appreciates me.

8. We agree on what is important for me to work on.

9. I feel that my therapist cares about me even when I do things that he/she does not approve of.

10. I feel that the things I do in therapy will help me to accomplish the changes that I want.

11. We have established a good understanding of the kind of changes that would be good for me.

12. I believe the way we are working with my problem is correct.


Results

What to Do If Alliance Is Weak

  1. Bring it up directly. Say something like:
    • "I'm noticing I don't feel as connected to you as I'd like. Can we talk about that?"
    • "I'm not sure we're on the same page about my goals. Can we revisit my goals?"
    • "I'm not finding the homework/exercises helpful. Can we discuss other approaches?"
  2. Give it time. The alliance takes a few sessions to develop. If you're in sessions 1-3 and the alliance feels weak, that's normal. If it's still weak by session 5-6, that's a concern.
  3. Work through ruptures. Alliance ruptures (moments of disconnection or disagreement) are normal. What matters is whether you and your therapist can repair them.
  4. Consider whether this is the right fit. If the alliance is consistently weak despite efforts to repair it, it may be worth finding a different therapist.

Printable Version: WAI-SR PDF

How and When to Measure

Tracking progress isn't complicated, but it does require consistency. Here's a practical system that works.

The Weekly Routine

Before each therapy session (ideally the day before or morning of):

  1. Complete your symptom measure (PHQ-9, GAD-7, or other).
  2. Rate your functional goals (0-10 scale for each of your 3-5 goals).
  3. Complete the WHO-5 (every 1-2 weeks, not necessarily every session).
  4. Record your scores in a spreadsheet, notebook, or tracking app.

Every 3-4 sessions:

  1. Complete the WAI-SR (alliance measure).

Total time: 5-10 minutes per week.

How to Record Your Scores

Option 1: Spreadsheet (Recommended)

Create a simple Google Sheet or Excel file with columns for:

  • Date
  • PHQ-9 score
  • GAD-7 score (if applicable)
  • Functional goal 1 score
  • Functional goal 2 score
  • Functional goal 3 score
  • WHO-5 percentage
  • WAI-SR score (every 3-4 sessions)
  • Notes (anything significant that week)

This allows you to create charts and see trends over time.

Option 2: Notebook

If you prefer analogue, use a dedicated notebook. Write the date, scores, and any notes. You can create simple line graphs by hand to visualise trends.

What to Look For

1. Trends, not individual scores

A single week's score doesn't tell you much. What matters is the pattern over 4-8 weeks.

  • Improving trend: Scores moving in the right direction (symptoms decreasing, functioning/well-being increasing).
  • Plateau: Scores staying the same for 4+ weeks.
  • Declining trend: Scores moving in the wrong direction.

2. Discrepancies across pillars

  • Symptoms improving, but functioning not → Focus on behavioural activation, skills training.
  • Symptoms and functioning improving, but well-being not → Focus on meaning, values, positive experiences.
  • Everything is improving, but the alliance feels weak → Address the relationship.

3. Clinically significant change

Remember the thresholds:

  • PHQ-9: 5-point drop.
  • GAD-7: 6-point drop.
  • WHO-5: 10-point increase (percentage).

If you've been in therapy for 8-12 weeks and haven't hit these thresholds, it's worth discussing with your therapist.

What If You Forget to Track?

Just start again. Even tracking every other week is better than not tracking at all.

Set a reminder. Put a reminder on your phone for the day before your therapy session.

Make it part of your routine. Link it to something you already do (e.g., "I'll complete my measures while I drink my morning coffee on therapy days").

What If Tracking Makes You Feel Worse?

Some people find that focusing on numbers increases anxiety or makes them feel like they're "failing" if scores don't improve quickly enough.

If this happens:

  1. Discuss it with your therapist. They can help you interpret the data in a balanced way.
  2. Track less frequently. Instead of weekly, try every 2 weeks or once a month.
  3. Focus on trends, not individual scores. Progress isn't linear. A bad week doesn't mean therapy isn't working.
  4. Use tracking as information, not judgment. The goal isn't to "perform well" on the measures. It's to understand how you're doing, to help guide you.
How to Use Your Data in Sessions

Tracking progress is only useful if you actually use the data. Here's how to bring your scores into therapy sessions and have productive conversations about what they mean.

Share Your Scores

At the start of each session, share your scores with your therapist:

"My PHQ-9 this week was 12, down from 15 last week. My functioning goals were mixed—work attendance was a 7, but social connection was only a 3."

You don't need to go through every detail. Just hit the highlights.

Use Your Data to Guide the Conversation

  • If scores are improving: "My scores have been trending down for the past month. I'm feeling the difference. I want to make sure we keep doing what's working."
  • If scores are plateauing: "My PHQ-9 has been stuck around 10-12 for the past 6 weeks. I'm not sure why. Can we talk about whether we need to try something different?"
  • If scores are getting worse: "My GAD-7 has gone from 8 to 14 over the past month. I'm not sure what's happening. Can we figure this out?"
  • If there's a discrepancy across pillars: "My depression score has dropped from 18 to 8, which is great. But my functioning goals around work and relationships haven't budged. Can we focus on that?"

Five Scenarios and What to Say

Scenario 1: Therapy is working, scores are improving

What to say: "I've been tracking my PHQ-9, and it's dropped from 18 to 10 over the past 8 weeks. I can feel the difference. I want to keep doing what we're doing."

Why this matters: It reinforces what's working and gives your therapist feedback that the approach is effective.

Scenario 2: Scores are plateauing, no progress

What to say: "I've been tracking my GAD-7, and it's been stuck around 12-14 for the past 6 weeks. I'm not seeing the improvement I'd hoped for. Can we talk about whether we need to adjust our approach?"

Why this matters: It signals that therapy may need to shift. Your therapist may suggest a different technique, increase session frequency, or consider medication.

Scenario 3: Scores are getting worse

What to say: "My PHQ-9 has gone from 12 to 18 over the past month. I'm feeling worse, not better. I'm worried that therapy isn't helping. Can we figure out what's going on?"

Why this matters: Deterioration is a red flag. Research shows that when therapists get feedback about clients getting worse, they can intervene and prevent further decline 1. Don't wait—bring it up immediately.

Scenario 4: Symptoms improving, but functioning isn't

What to say: "My depression score has dropped from 18 to 8, which is great. But my functioning goals around work and social life haven't improved. I'm still struggling to go to work and see friends. Can we focus on that?"

Why this matters: This is the gap problem 4. Your therapist may need to shift from symptom-focused work to behavioural activation, skills training, or addressing external barriers.

Scenario 5: Everything improving except alliance

What to say: "My symptoms and functioning are improving, but I've been tracking the alliance, and my WAI-SR score is pretty low. I don't feel as connected to you as I'd like, or I'm not sure we're on the same page about my goals. Can we talk about that?"

Why this matters: A weak alliance predicts worse outcomes 3, even if symptoms are improving. Addressing it early can strengthen the relationship and sustain progress.

What If Your Therapist Dismisses Your Data?

Most therapists will appreciate your initiative and use the data to inform treatment. But some may:

  • Dismiss the scores as "just numbers"
  • Say "I can tell how you're doing without a questionnaire"
  • Seem annoyed or defensive

If this happens:

  1. Explain why it matters to you. "I know you can tell how I'm doing, but having objective data helps me feel more confident that therapy is working. It's important to me."
  2. Frame it as collaboration. "I'm not trying to second-guess you. I just want to be an active participant in my own care."
  3. If they continue to dismiss it, consider whether this is the right fit. A therapist who won't engage with your data may not be open to feedback or collaboration, which are key components of effective therapy.
What Does "Better" Actually Mean?

Progress in therapy isn't one-dimensional. "Better" can mean different things depending on where you started and what you're working toward.

Three Levels of Improvement

1. Reliable Change

This means your scores have changed enough that it's unlikely to be due to chance or normal fluctuation. For example:

  • PHQ-9 drops by 5+ points 5
  • GAD-7 drops by 6+ points 6

This is the minimum threshold for saying, "Yes, something has meaningfully changed."

2. Clinically Significant Improvement

This means you've moved from a clinical range (moderate/severe symptoms) to a non-clinical range (minimal/mild symptoms). For example:

  • PHQ-9 drops from 15 (moderately severe) to 4 (minimal)
  • GAD-7 drops from 14 (moderate) to 3 (minimal)

This is a bigger deal—it means you're no longer meeting criteria for a disorder.

3. Recovery

This means you've achieved both reliable change AND clinically significant improvement, AND you're functioning well in daily life, AND you have positive well-being.

This is the gold standard, but it's not always realistic or necessary. Some people live meaningful, fulfilling lives with residual symptoms.

Progress Isn't Linear

Expect ups and downs. A bad week doesn't mean therapy isn't working. What matters is the overall trend over 8-12 weeks.

When to Expect Progress

Research on the dose-effect relationship shows:

  • 50% of clients show improvement by 8 sessions
  • 75% of clients show improvement by 26 sessions

If you've been in therapy for 12+ weeks (8-12 sessions) and you're not seeing reliable change on at least one of the four pillars, it's worth discussing whether the approach needs to change.

What If You're "Better" But Still Struggling?

You might have:

  • Residual symptoms (PHQ-9 of 6-8 instead of 15, but still not feeling great)
  • Improved functioning but low well-being
  • Improved symptoms but ongoing life stressors

This is normal. Therapy isn't a cure—it's a tool. Some problems require ongoing support, environmental changes, or acceptance rather than elimination.

The Bottom Line

"Better" means:

  • Reliable change on at least one pillar (symptoms, functioning, well-being, alliance)
  • Trending in the right direction over 8-12 weeks
  • Feeling the difference in your daily life

If you're tracking all four pillars and seeing improvement in at least two, therapy is likely working.

Practical Next Steps
  1. Choose your measures. Start with PHQ-9 or GAD-7 (depending on your primary concern), WHO-5, and 3-5 functional goals. Add the WAI-SR every 3-4 sessions.
  2. Set up your tracking system. Create a spreadsheet, notebook, or use an app. Make it simple and sustainable.
  3. Complete your first set of measures. Do it now, before your next session. This is your baseline.
  4. Set a reminder. Put a recurring reminder on your phone for the day before each therapy session.
  5. Share your scores with your therapist. At your next session, say: "I've started tracking my progress using the PHQ-9 and some functional goals. I'd like to share my scores with you each week so we can monitor how therapy is going."
  6. Review trends every 4-6 weeks. Look at your data and ask: Am I improving? Plateauing? Getting worse? Is there a discrepancy across pillars?
  7. Use your data to advocate for yourself. If therapy isn't working, you have evidence to support a conversation about changing the approach.

Remember: You're the expert on you. Tracking your progress puts you in the driver's seat of your own care. Use it.

Additional Resources

References
  • 1. Lambert, M. J., Whipple, J. L., Hawkins, E. J., Vermeersch, D. A., Nielsen, S. L., & Smart, D. W. (2003). Is it time for clinicians to routinely track patient outcomes? A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(3), 288-301.
  • 2. Jensen-Doss, A., Haimes, E. M. B., Smith, A. M., Lyon, A. R., Lewis, C. C., Stanick, C. F., & Hawley, K. M. (2018). Monitoring treatment progress and providing feedback is viewed favourably but rarely used in practice. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 45(1), 48-61.
  • 3. Flückiger, C., Del Re, A. C., Wampold, B. E., & Horvath, A. O. (2018). The alliance in adult psychotherapy: A meta-analytic synthesis. Psychotherapy, 55(4), 316-340.
  • 4. Renner, F., Jarrett, R. B., Vittengl, J. R., Barrett, M. S., Clark, L. A., & Thase, M. E. (2014). Interpersonal problems as predictors of therapeutic alliance and symptom improvement in cognitive therapy for depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(2), 800-803.
  • 5. Löwe, B., Unützer, J., Callahan, C. M., Perkins, A. J., & Kroenke, K. (2004). Monitoring depression treatment outcomes with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Medical Care, 42(12), 1194-1201.
  • 6. Toussaint, A., Hüsing, P., Gumz, A., Wingenfeld, K., Härter, M., Schramm, E., & Löwe, B. (2020). Sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference of the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7). Journal of Affective Disorders, 265, 395-401.
  • 7. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613.
  • 8. Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097.
  • 9. Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD.
  • 10. Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14(4), 485.
  • 11. Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., de la Fuente, J. R., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Addiction, 88(6), 791-804.
  • 12. World Health Organization. (1998). Wellbeing Measures in Primary Health Care/The DEPCARE Project. WHO Regional Office for Europe.
  • 13. Hatcher, R. L., & Gillaspy, J. A. (2006). Development and validation of a revised short version of the Working Alliance Inventory. Psychotherapy Research, 16(1), 12-25.
IMPORTANT!!

TherapyRoute is not for emergencies and does not provide medical advice. All of our content is informational and cannot replace professional healthcare. In an emergency, contact a local emergency service. For immediate support, consider a local helpline.

Important: TherapyRoute does not provide medical advice. All content is for informational purposes and cannot replace consulting a healthcare professional. If you face an emergency, please contact a local emergency service. For immediate emotional support, consider contacting a local helpline.

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