Academic Credentials for Mental Health Professionals in Nepal

Nepal regulates some mental health professions and not others. This guide sets out which qualification leads to which register, which council holds it, and where each requirement is published.

Quick answer: which qualification leads to which register

Nepal gates its regulated health professions at the qualification and at a council examination. The table pairs each role with the qualification behind it and the body that holds the register.

Two lines in that table do most of the work. Clinical psychology is regulated in Nepal, through a statutory council with a published examination syllabus.¹ The words counsellor, psychotherapist and psychologist are not. No council register covers them,⁴ and the Nepal Health Professional Council Act, 2053 (1997), read in full for this guide, contains no provision restricting the use of a professional title.²⁴

That is only half the legal picture, and the other half is easy to miss. The same Act restricts practice, not the title. Section 20 provides that after one year of the Act's commencement, no person other than a registered health professional shall be entitled to carry on the health profession, directly or indirectly.²⁴ Section 2 of the guide sets out what that provision says and where its edges are unsettled.

The Nepal Health Professional Council registers health professionals other than doctors, nurses, pharmacists and Ayurveda practitioners.¹ Doctors sit with the Nepal Medical Council,² nurses and midwives with the Nepal Nursing Council.³

The council's published syllabus list is the most direct test of who is covered. It carries an entry for the MPhil in Clinical Psychology and no entry for counselling, psychosocial counselling or general psychology.⁴ Social work carries no council at all, and the literature describes the profession as still lacking official status in Nepal.⁵

Who registers whom: Nepal's health professional councils

Three statutory councils matter for mental health work. Each was created by its own Act, and each holds a register that a qualification alone does not get you onto.

Nepal Health Professional Council

The council was established under the Nepal Health Professional Council Act, 2053 (1997). Its stated purpose is to register health professionals according to their qualification and bring them into a legal system, so that services are effective and of quality.¹

The Nepal Health Professional Council Rules, 2056 (1999) set the shape of the register. Health professionals are categorised into first, second and third levels, and the minimum qualification differs by level.⁶

• First level: at least a bachelor's degree in the relevant subject, or its equivalent⁶
• Second level: at least a certificate level qualification in the relevant subject, or its equivalent⁶
• Third level: training of at least one academic year in the relevant subject⁶

The qualification must come from an educational institution recognised by the council, and a thematic committee checks whether the degree is recognised and whether it relates to the subject applied for.⁶ That second test catches people out. A psychology degree does not open a clinical psychology registration.

The council's current registration page runs a fourth tier above those three, the specialist level, and its syllabus index groups master's qualifications under that heading.⁷⁴ The MPhil in Clinical Psychology sits in that master's grouping, so read the council's current page rather than the 1999 Rules for the tier that applies to you.

The examination sits between the degree and the register. The council's registration page sets out the sequence: complete the professional qualification, pass the licensing examination, then pay the registration fee for your level.⁷ Applicants holding a foreign qualification must also upload an equivalence certificate and the curriculum or prospectus of the programme.⁷

Fees are published on that page and change, so read them there rather than here. At the time of writing the council listed an examination fee of Rs. 3,000, with registration fees set separately for each level and higher for holders of foreign qualifications.⁷

Nepal Medical Council

The Nepal Medical Council was established by Act of Parliament in 2020 BS, which is 1964. It registers qualified practitioners and allows them to practise modern medicine.²

Its own description of its role is worth reading carefully, because it has widened. The council now describes itself as conducting a licensing examination before registration, and as monitoring and regulating medical education.²

The governing instruments are published on the council's site: the Nepal Medical Council Act, 2020 BS, the Nepal Medical Council Regulation, 2024 BS, and a fifth amendment dated 2078 BS.⁸ Those are Bikram Sambat years. A Bikram Sambat year straddles two Gregorian ones, and the council's own pairing of 2020 BS with 1964 uses the later of the two.² On that same convention the Regulation is 1968 and the fifth amendment 2022. The point of the conversion is the one that gets missed: these are 1960s instruments with a recent amendment, not a 2020 Act and a 2024 regulation.

Nepal Nursing Council

The Nepal Nursing Council was established under the Nepal Nursing Council Act, 2052, and came into force in June 1996.³ It registers auxiliary nurse midwives, registered nurses, midwifery graduates, specialists, and foreign nurses and midwives, and it runs a new registration and licensing examination.³

What no council covers

Nepal has no mental health Act. The World Health Organization's 2022 situational assessment records that Nepal is yet to adopt one, and a 2023 country profile in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry says the same.⁹¹⁰ The Act Relating to Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2074 (2017) carries provisions for people with mental or psychosocial disabilities, but it is not a professional registration statute.⁹

Policy sits elsewhere again. The National Mental Health Strategy and Action Plan 2020 sets the direction, the Community Mental Health Care Package 2017 adapts WHO mhGAP tools for primary care, and the National Health Training Center oversees training needs, curriculum accreditation and the organisation of trainings.⁹

That last body matters for counsellors. Accrediting a training curriculum is not the same as registering the person who completed it, and in Nepal no council does the second thing for counselling.

What the Act restricts, and what it does not

The Nepal Health Professional Council Act, 2053 (1997) does two things that are easy to confuse. It leaves professional titles alone, and it restricts practice.

On titles the Act is silent. Read in full for this guide, it contains no provision protecting a professional title or restricting who may describe themselves as a psychologist, a counsellor or a psychotherapist.²⁴

On practice it is not silent. Section 20, headed prohibition on carrying on health profession, provides that after one year of the Act's commencement, no person other than a registered health professional shall be entitled to carry on the health profession, directly or indirectly.²⁴ Section 28 provides that a person who carries on the health profession in contravention of Section 20 shall be punished as prescribed.²⁴

What is prescribed sits in the Rules. Rule 35(1) sets a fine not exceeding ten thousand rupees for carrying on the health profession contrary to Section 20.⁶ That figure was set in 1999 and penalty figures are amendable, so treat it as the published figure rather than a current certainty.

The reach of Section 20 turns on a definition. Section 2(4) defines health profession as the medical treatment, diagnosis and prevention of disease of sick people, or any act pertaining to health profession.²⁴ Whether unregistered counselling practice falls inside that definition is not settled in any source read for this guide, and this page does not answer it.

What that means for a reader, stated plainly. Nobody can stop you calling yourself a counsellor in Nepal, and that is a statement about titles, not a statement that the practice sits outside the Act. Anyone building a career on the unregistered side should read Sections 2, 20 and 28 themselves and take advice on their own scope of practice.

Psychiatry: a medical degree first

Psychiatrists qualify as doctors before they qualify as psychiatrists. The register is the Nepal Medical Council's, and the council's licensing examination sits before registration.²

The first step is an MBBS. The second is a postgraduate MD in Psychiatry, taught inside a medical academy or institute rather than a standalone psychiatry school.

Where MD Psychiatry is taught

Three public institutions publish psychiatry postgraduate training on their own sites, and each has a different history.

• Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University. Its master's programme list includes the Doctor of Medicine (MD) in Psychiatry, alongside fifteen other MD specialisations¹¹
• B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan. The Department of Psychiatry states that it extended its postgraduate programme in 1999, with ward and outpatient exposure and regular academic activities¹²
• Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur. Its Department of Psychiatry was established in 2011, a six-bed psychiatry ward followed in 2013, and postgraduate training commenced in 2018¹³

Patan's residency is competency-based, and psychiatry is one of thirteen MD and MS specialties it lists. The academy describes assessing residents against eight core competencies, including professionalism, patient-centred care, clinical reasoning and communication.¹⁴

The Institute of Medicine sits above Maharajgunj Medical Campus and publishes its programmes by level, from MBBS through MD and MS to DM and MCh superspecialty training.¹⁵ Private medical colleges affiliated to Tribhuvan University and Kathmandu University also run psychiatry departments.

Two things this page will not tell you. Residency length, seat numbers and thesis rules are set by each academy and change between intakes, and none of the institutional pages read for this guide published them. Ask the institution and check the current Nepal Medical Council regulation⁸ rather than any secondary summary, including this one.

What is not trained in Nepal

Sub-specialty training is the visible gap. The WHO assessment records that there are no training programmes in Nepal for sub-specialties such as addiction, child mental health or geriatric mental health.⁹ Doctors wanting those pathways have historically trained abroad.

Clinical psychology: the MPhil, and the examination behind it

This is the section most guides to Nepal get wrong, and the error runs in the same direction each time. Clinical psychology is described as unregulated. It is not.

The Nepal Health Professional Council publishes a document titled Syllabus for Licensing Examination of M.Phil. in Clinical Psychology, dated 2021 and issued from Bansbari, Kathmandu.¹⁶ A licensing examination syllabus is not something a council publishes for a profession it does not register.

The examination is weighted across five areas, and the weighting tells you what the council expects a newly qualified clinical psychologist to hold.¹⁶

The first area names the instruments a candidate is expected to know, and they are Nepali instruments rather than imported ones. They include the national mental health strategy and action plan, the national health policy, the Public Health Service Act, 2075 (2018), the Act relating to the rights of children, the Act relating to the rights of persons with disabilities, and the code of conduct for health professionals registered with the council.¹⁶

Where the MPhil is taught

Maharajgunj Medical Campus lists the Master of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology among its allied health sciences master's programmes.¹¹ It is the programme the WHO assessment has in mind when it records that clinical psychology training is available in only one institution.⁹

One expansion is announced but not yet running. The B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Department of Psychiatry states that it plans to start an MPhil programme in clinical psychology in future.¹² A plan is worth knowing about and is not an intake you can apply to.

If you are choosing between a research psychology master's and this route, the distinction is registration. The MPhil in Clinical Psychology is the qualification the council examines and registers.⁴ An MA in psychology, however strong, is not.

Psychology and counselling: degrees without a protected title

Outside clinical psychology, psychology in Nepal is an academic discipline rather than a registered profession. That has consequences for students and for people looking for help.

Tribhuvan University

The Central Department of Psychology sits in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Kirtipur, and offers MA, MPhil and PhD study.¹⁷

Its published MA curriculum is a 60 credit-hour programme, built around three applied specialisations: clinical psychology, counselling psychology and industrial psychology.¹⁸ The curriculum document also describes Tribhuvan University as the sole university in Nepal to have introduced major courses in psychology, a claim now dated by later provision elsewhere.¹⁸

Entry is wider than most people expect. The curriculum admits graduates with a BA with psychology major, a postgraduate diploma in counselling psychology, a Bachelor of Social Work carrying a general psychology component, and science or management graduates.¹⁸

Read the specialisation label carefully. An MA specialisation in clinical psychology is an academic stream inside a humanities master's degree. It is not the MPhil the council examines, and it does not lead to registration.⁴

Kathmandu University

Kathmandu University offers an MPhil in School Counseling and Psychological Wellbeing through its School of Education. The programme is framed around psychological, emotional and academic needs in educational settings, and prepares graduates for research, policy and counselling roles in educational institutions.¹⁹

The programme page states no council registration outcome, and none applies. School counselling is not among the qualifications the health professional council examines.⁴

Counselling and psychosocial counselling

Counselling in Nepal is trained at several levels and registered at none. Postgraduate diplomas and master's specialisations both exist, the postgraduate diploma in counselling psychology being named in Tribhuvan University's own master's entry list.¹⁸ Neither produces a council registration.⁴ The training estate ranges more widely than this page could verify at source, and no provider is named here that was not read at its own pages.

The workforce this creates is substantial rather than marginal. The WHO assessment estimates around 700 lay counsellors working in the public sector, a rate of 2.4 per 100,000 population.⁹ Many carry real skill and supervision, and none of that is verifiable through a public register.

What to ask instead of checking a register. Ask which institution awarded the qualification, how long the training ran, whether it included supervised practice, and who provides supervision now. Those four questions do more work in Nepal than a title does.

Psychiatric and mental health nursing

Nursing is the one mental health pathway in Nepal where a specialist master's degree and a statutory register meet cleanly.

Registration runs through the Nepal Nursing Council, established under the Nepal Nursing Council Act, 2052, in force from June 1996.³ The council registers auxiliary nurse midwives, registered nurses, midwifery graduates, specialists, and foreign nurses and midwives, and publishes a new registration and licensing examination as one of its core services.³

The specialist qualification is a Master of Nursing. Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, a Tribhuvan University campus, lists a Masters in Psychiatric Nursing among six MN specialisations, alongside adult, child health, community health, critical care nursing and women's health and development.²⁰ The same campus lists a PhD nursing programme and four bachelor-level routes.²⁰

The Institute of Medicine publishes MN as its postgraduate nursing level, with BNS, BSN and BSM below it.¹⁵ Entry to MN study is for nurses already registered and practising, so the sequence is nursing registration first and specialisation second.

Social work: degrees without a council

Social work in Nepal is taught as a university degree and is not registered by any professional council.

A 2025 study in International Social Work puts it plainly: despite its three-decade history, social work lacks professional status in Nepal, and the authors describe registration and regulation as a strategy still to be achieved rather than a current fact.⁵ Policymakers have begun to name social workers in legislation, the 2018 Act relating to children among it, without creating a register.⁵

One name causes persistent confusion. The Social Welfare Council regulates non-governmental organisations, not individual practitioners. It is not a professional register, and holding a social work degree does not put you on anything comparable to the nursing or medical registers.

Bachelor of Social Work programmes are established enough that the Tribhuvan University psychology curriculum names the BSW as a recognised entry qualification for master's study in psychology.¹⁸ Master's-level social work is taught at Tribhuvan University and at affiliated colleges. Programme length, credit and fieldwork requirements are set by the department, so confirm them there.

What the workforce actually looks like

Credentials pages tend to describe pathways as though the workforce at the end of them were large. In Nepal it is not, and a student choosing a route should see the real numbers.

The figures below come from the World Health Organization's Special Initiative for Mental Health situational assessment for Nepal, published in 2022. Rates are per 100,000 against the population of 29,675,000 the same report uses.⁹

The narrative adds detail the table does not carry. Nepal has an estimated 144 psychiatrists plus 3 child psychiatrists, of whom 110 are in private practice, and an additional estimated 75 psychiatric nurses and 30 psychologists in private practice.⁹ Almost all specialists are concentrated in major urban areas.⁹

The output figures explain the shape of the workforce. Specialist psychiatry training is available from several institutions, while clinical psychology training is available in only one. Around 15 to 20 psychiatrists are added each year, while only 2 to 3 clinical psychologists are produced.⁹

Facilities are similarly concentrated. The assessment counts 18 general hospital psychiatric units holding 350 beds, a rate of 1.18 beds per 100,000, alongside 29 hospital outpatient mental health services.⁹

Funding is the constraint behind all of this. The 2023 country profile in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry records that in 2008 the national health budget was 6.5% of the national budget and mental health took 0.8% of it, while in 2020 the health budget was 6.15% and mental health took 0.2%.¹⁰ The WHO assessment puts public funds allocation for mental health at approximately 0.05 US dollars per capita.⁹

Traditional healers, and where they sit

Any honest account of who provides mental health care in Nepal has to include traditional healers, and has to name them accurately.

The WHO assessment describes three main types: dhami-jhankri, an amalgam term covering two separate healer types, lama, a Buddhist monk and healer, and mata, a female healer.⁹ People choose a healer on status in the community, familiarity, sensitivity to local conditions, and perceived mastery, and many consult healers because of cost and access barriers to biomedical care.⁹

These are not credentialed roles and no council registers them. They are named here because a credentials page that pretends they are absent describes a country that does not exist.

Qualifications earned abroad, and equivalence

A degree earned outside Nepal does not convert automatically, and academic recognition is a separate question from permission to practise.

Academic equivalence is now determined by the University Grants Commission, Nepal's higher education body at Sanothimi, Bhaktapur, through its higher education equivalence portal.²¹ The service moved from Tribhuvan University to the commission in July 2026, so apply through the commission rather than the university.²² Do not discard the university's guidance yet. The same report states that until the commission's own structure is fully established, the service continues in coordination with Tribhuvan University and under the university's existing procedures, criteria and standards, with the enabling regulations still awaiting ministerial approval.²²

Equivalence is only the first document. The Nepal Health Professional Council requires applicants with foreign qualifications to submit the equivalence certificate together with the curriculum or prospectus of the programme, and sets higher registration fees for them.⁷ The qualification must still come from an institution the council recognises, and must relate to the subject applied for.⁶

For doctors, the gate is the Nepal Medical Council's licensing examination, which the council places before registration.² For nurses, the Nepal Nursing Council maintains a separate foreign nurse and midwife registration category.³

Our companion guide sets out how credentials compare across countries: see the international credential equivalency guide for mental health professionals.

Cross-border training links

Some Nepali training capacity is built through international partnerships, and it is worth knowing which is which.

AMPATH Nepal brings together Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences with the AMPATH Consortium of universities and health centres led by Mount Sinai.²³ It runs collaborative learning with medical trainees from Nepal and international partners, and a simulation-based clinical education programme.²³

Nepal also has long-standing psychiatry links with Indian institutions, reflected in shared examination traditions and faculty exchange. The two are separate arrangements, and a partnership whose consortium is led by Mount Sinai is not an Indian one.²³

Choosing a route, and finding a therapist

If you are choosing a training route in Nepal, four questions narrow it faster than any prospectus.

• Do you need to be on a register? If yes, the qualification must be one a council examines: MBBS then MD for psychiatry, the MPhil for clinical psychology, a nursing qualification for nursing⁴
• Is the awarding institution recognised by that council? Recognition of the institution and relevance of the subject are both tested at application⁶
• Is there an intake, or only an announcement? Planned programmes are announced years before they open, and one clinical psychology expansion is currently a plan rather than an intake¹²
• What does the qualification actually let you do? An academic specialisation with a clinical-sounding name is still an academic specialisation

If you are looking for a therapist rather than a training route, the position is honest but uneven. You can check a psychiatrist against the Nepal Medical Council register and a nurse against the Nepal Nursing Council register.²³ For a clinical psychologist, ask whether they hold the MPhil and have passed the council licensing examination.¹⁶

For counsellors, no register exists, so the qualification and the supervision arrangement are what you have to ask about. That is not a reason to avoid counselling, and it is a reason to ask.

TherapyRoute is a clinician-run directory, founded by a registered clinical psychologist. Start with our guide on how to find the right therapist.

Last reviewed: August 2026. Jurisdiction: Nepal. Council fees, examination arrangements, programme entry requirements and intakes are set by the councils and institutions named above and change between cycles; confirm with the council and the institution before applying. Bikram Sambat years are given as published, with the Gregorian year alongside.

Team TherapyRoute

References

1. [1] Nepal Health Professional Council, About: establishment under the Nepal Health Professional Council Act 2053; the council registers health professionals other than medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists and Ayurveda practitioners, "according to their qualification; and bring them into a legal system"; the Name Registration Certificate Examination. nhpc.gov.np.
2. [2] Nepal Medical Council, Home: "established in 2020 BS (1964 AD) by the act of Parliament"; registration of qualified practitioners to the Register of NMC; "conducting licensing examination before registration" and monitoring and regulation of medical education; registered and deregistered doctor searches. nmc.org.np.
3. [3] Nepal Nursing Council, Home: "Nepal Nursing Council (NNC) is established under Nepal Nursing Council Act 2052 (1996)", in force from 16 June 1996; registration categories ANM, Registered Nurse, BMS, Specialist and Foreign Nurse/Midwife; "New Registration / Licensing Exam" among its services. nnc.org.np.
4. [4] Nepal Health Professional Council, Syllabus: the full list of qualifications for which the council publishes a licensing examination syllabus, grouped by the council as PCL or +2 (second), bachelor (first) and master (specialist), which is the grouping the body text relies on for the tier point. "M.Phil. in Clinical Psychology" is the only psychology entry; no counselling, psychosocial counselling or general psychology syllabus appears. nhpc.gov.np.
5. [5] Yadav, R., Ghimire, P., Karki, D., Budhathoki, R., & Gray, M. (2025). Social legitimisation of social work: strategies to further professional status and recognition in Nepal. International Social Work, 68(1), 126-141: "Despite its three-decade history, social work lacks professional status in Nepal"; registration and regulation named among the strategies still to be achieved; brief mention of social workers in the 2018 Act relating to children. journals.sagepub.com.
6. [6] Nepal Health Professional Council Rules, 2056 (1999), published in the Nepal Gazette on 12 August 1999 and framed under section 32 of the Nepal Health Professional Council Act, 2053 (1997). Rule 3: health professionals categorised into first, second and third levels, with minimum qualifications of a bachelor's degree, a certificate level qualification, and one academic year of training respectively, obtained from an educational institution recognised by the council. Rules 6 to 8: examination of the application and thematic committee consideration of whether the qualification is recognised and related to the subject. Rule 35(1), penalties: "A person who carries on the health profession contrary to Section 20 of the Act shall be punished with a fine not exceeding Ten Thousand Rupees." That is the 1999 figure and penalty figures are amendable, which is why the body text labels it as published rather than current. Nepal Law Commission text (PDF).
7. [7] Nepal Health Professional Council, Health Professionals Registration: the sequence of professional qualification, licensing examination and registration; the documents required, including for foreign qualifications an equivalence certificate and the curriculum or prospectus; the examination fee of Rs. 3,000 and the registration fees, higher for foreign graduates. The page sets its document requirements under four tier headings, specialist, first, second and third, so the council currently operates a specialist tier above the three levels named in the 1999 Rules. Nepali-language page, read August 2026. nhpc.gov.np.
8. [8] Nepal Medical Council, NMC Regulations: the published instruments, namely the Nepal Medical Council Act, 2020, the Nepal Medical Council Regulation, 2024, and the fifth amendment regulation, 2078. Years are Bikram Sambat as published. nmc.org.np.
9. [9] World Health Organization, WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health: Situational Assessment, Nepal (2022). Table 1 demographics (population 29,675,000); Human Resources narrative (144 psychiatrists plus 3 child psychiatrists, 110 in private practice, an additional estimated 75 psychiatric nurses and 30 psychologists in private practice, approximately 700 lay counsellors in the public sector, psychiatry training at several institutions against clinical psychology at one, 15-20 psychiatrists and 2-3 clinical psychologists produced each year, no sub-specialty training for addiction, child or geriatric mental health); Table 3 Human Resources for Mental Health (Psychiatrist 147 at 0.5, Clinical psychologist 35 at 0.12, Psychiatric Nurse 75, Neurologist 25 at 0.1, Lay counsellors ~700 at 2.4); Table 5 facilities (18 general hospital psychiatric units, 350 beds, 1.18 per 100,000; 10 inpatient mental hospitals; 29 hospital outpatient services); Legislation ("Nepal is yet to adopt a national mental health act"; the Act Relating to Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2074 (2017)); policy and the National Health Training Center's role in curriculum accreditation; the Community Mental Health Care Package 2017; public funds allocation of approximately 0.05 USD per capita; traditional healers (dhami-jhankri, lama, mata). cdn.who.int (PDF).
10. [10] Khanal, G., Selvamani, Y., & Sapkota, P. (2023). Insights on historical milestones of mental health in Nepal: country profile. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 65(11), 1122-1128: "In 2008, the national budget for health was 6.5% and for mental health was 0.8%"; "In 2020, the allocated national health budget was 6.15%, of which only 0.2% was set aside for mental health"; Nepal "has yet to pass a reformed national mental health Act". pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
11. [11] Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Master's Program: the MD list including "Doctor of Medicine (MD) in Psychiatry" among the sixteen MD programmes the page publishes, counted directly from the list, with the four MS programmes listed separately and not counted as MD; also the MDS and allied health sciences lists, and "Master of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (MPhil Cl Psychol)". No durations or seat numbers are published on the page. mmc.tu.edu.np.
12. [12] B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry: the department "extended its PG program since 1999", ward and outpatient exposure with regular academic activities, and that it "plans to start M.Phil program in Clinical Psychology in future". bpkihs.edu.
13. [13] Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry: "The Department of Psychiatry at Patan Hospital was established in 2011, initially providing regular psychiatric outpatient services"; "a six-bed psychiatry ward in 2013"; "Postgraduate training commenced in 2018." web.pahs.edu.np.
14. [14] Patan Academy of Health Sciences, PAHS MD/MS Program: thirteen MD and MS specialties including Psychiatry, the competency-based residency, and the eight PAHS core competencies. Duration, eligibility and thesis requirements are not published on the page. web.pahs.edu.np.
15. [15] Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Programs: the programme structure by level, namely MBBS with MD and MS postgraduate and DM and MCh superspecialty study for medicine; BNS, BSN and BSM with MN postgraduate and PhD for nursing; and the allied health sciences and public health lists. iom.edu.np.
16. [16] Nepal Health Professional Council, Syllabus for Licensing Examination of M.Phil. in Clinical Psychology (2021), Bansbari, Kathmandu. Cover page and table of contents: Act, mental health strategies, code of ethics for CP, health policy and community mental health package 5%; methods of research 20%; psychopathology, psychiatry and neuropsychological foundation of behaviour 30%; psycho-diagnostics process 15%; psychotherapy, counseling and behavioral interventions 30%. The first area lists the national mental health strategy and action plan, national health policy, the Public Health Service Act 2075, the Act on children's rights, the Act on the rights of persons with disabilities, the community-based national mental health programme, and the code of conduct for health professionals registered with the council. nhpc.gov.np (PDF).
17. [17] Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Home: MA, MPhil and PhD study, the MPhil leading to PhD pathway, and the department's location at Kirtipur. cdpsy.tu.edu.np.
18. [18] Tribhuvan University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Central Department of Psychology, Course of Study for Semester System, Psychology M.A. (2013), submitted to the Dean's Office, T.U. Kirtipur. Background: "This department offers Master degree courses focused on three areas: clinical psychology, counselling psychology and industrial psychology", and Tribhuvan University described as "the sole university in Nepal that has introduced major courses in psychology". Objectives: "The Master in Psychology is a 60 credit-hour degree program". Eligibility: BA with psychology major, postgraduate diploma in counseling psychology, Bachelors in Film Studies, Bachelors in Social Work with a general psychology component, and science and management graduates. tucdc.edu.np (PDF).
19. [19] Kathmandu University, MPhil in School Counseling and Psychological Wellbeing, School of Education: the programme's framing around psychological, emotional and academic needs in educational settings, and preparation for "leadership roles in research, policy development, and counseling services in educational institutions". No council registration outcome is stated. ku.edu.np.
20. [20] Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, Tribhuvan University, Programs: the MN specialisations, namely "Masters in Psychiatric Nursing", adult nursing, child health nursing, community health nursing, critical care nursing, and women's health and development; the PhD Nursing Program; and the BNS, generic B.Sc. Nursing, BMS and B.Sc. Midwifery bachelor routes. mnc.tu.edu.np.
21. [21] University Grants Commission, Nepal, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur: the higher education equivalence service and its portal, and the commission's role in accreditation and quality assurance in higher education. ugcnepal.edu.np; equivalence portal ugcequivalence.edu.np.
22. [22] Khabarhub, UGC takes over foreign degree equivalency service from Tribhuvan University, 6 August 2026: "the service, previously provided by Tribhuvan University, was transferred to the UGC from July 17 in accordance with the law". english.khabarhub.com.
23. [23] AMPATH Nepal: "The AMPATH Nepal partnership brings together Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences in Nepal, and the AMPATH Consortium of universities and health centers led by Mount Sinai"; collaborative learning with "medical trainees from Nepal and our international partners learning and working side-by-side"; and the LEAD Nepal simulation-based clinical education programme. The site names Mount Sinai as consortium lead without stating its location, so no location is asserted here. ampathnepal.org.
24. [24] Nepal Health Professional Council Act, 2053 (1997), Act No. 30 of the year 2053, authenticated 2053.11.3 (14 February 1997). Read in full (11 pages) for this guide. Section 2(4): "‘health profession’ means the medical treatment, diagnosis and prevention of disease of sick people or any act pertaining to health profession." Section 2(5) defines a health professional as a person holding the prescribed minimum qualifications and involved in health profession. Section 20, Prohibition on carrying on health profession: "After one year of the commencement of this Act, no person other than a registered health professional shall be entitled to carry on the health profession, directly or indirectly." Section 28(1): "A person who carries on the health profession in contravention of Section 20 shall be punished as prescribed." Section 21 provides for Government recognition of qualifications on the council's recommendation. The Act contains no provision protecting or restricting the use of a professional title; a full-text scan for title, designation and use-of-name provisions returns nothing. The penalty prescribed under Section 28 is set by Rule 35(1) of the Rules 2056 at reference 6. Act text (PDF).