Global Academic Credentials for Allied Mental Health Professionals

This guide covers ACADEMIC CREDENTIALS only. For registration, licensing, CPD, and scope of practice requirements, see: Allied Mental Health Regulatory Guide, Quick Reference Guide for Mental Health Regulatory Bodies

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Executive Summary
How to Use This Document
SECTION A: OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (Mental Health Focus)
SECTION B: PSYCHOMETRY & PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
SECTION C: CREATIVE/EXPRESSIVE THERAPIES
Quick Reference Tables
Regional Patterns and Insights
Appendices
Sources

Executive Summary

This comprehensive reference document consolidates academic credentials for three allied mental health professions: Occupational Therapy (Mental Health Focus), Psychometry/Psychological Assessment, and Creative/Expressive Therapies. The document provides detailed information on academic qualifications from undergraduate through doctoral levels across all six global regions.

Global Coverage Statistics

Occupational Therapy:

Geographic Coverage: 60+ countries across 6 regions
Programs Referenced: 500+ university programs
Primary Source: World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT)
Key Finding: Entry-level education varies by region - master's/doctoral in North America, bachelor's in most other regions
Mental Health Focus: All programs include minimum 250 hours mental health/psychosocial practice placement

Psychometry & Psychological Assessment:

Geographic Coverage: 100+ universities across all continents
Programs Referenced: 60+ doctoral programs, 60+ master's programs
Primary Source: American Psychological Association Division 5
Key Finding: United States leads globally with most extensive offerings; South Africa uniquely developed professional postgraduate diplomas
Specialisation Areas: Quantitative psychology, educational measurement, test development, research methodology

Creative/Expressive Therapies:

Geographic Coverage: 80+ countries across 6 continents
Programs Referenced: 150+ academic programs
Therapy Modalities: Art Therapy, Music Therapy, Dance/Movement Therapy, Drama Therapy
Primary Sources: AATA, AMTA, ADTA, NADTA, ANZACATA
Key Finding: Master's-level education standard for professional practice in most countries

Regional Distribution Summary

| Region | Occupational Therapy | Psychometry | Creative Therapies |
|--------|---------------------|-------------|-------------------|
| English-Speaking Countries | Most established; extensive undergraduate & graduate | 70+ doctoral programs (USA/Canada lead) | All modalities well-represented |
| Europe | Strong programs across 25+ countries; Bologna Process alignment | 15+ doctoral, 20+ master's (Netherlands/Belgium lead) | Strong dance/movement & music therapy presence |
| Asia | 4-year bachelor's standard; growing master's programs | Emerging (China, Japan, South Korea) | Limited but expanding (Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand) |
| Latin America | "Licenciatura" 4-5 year professional degrees | 10+ master's programs (Argentina, Mexico, Brazil) | Music therapy most developed |
| Africa | Limited programs; concentrated in South Africa | South Africa PG Diplomas unique globally | Extremely limited outside South Africa |
| Oceania | Well-established in Australia/New Zealand | Covered under English-speaking | Well-established in Australia/NZ |

Document Organisation

This reference guide is organised by Professional Specialisation → Region → Country → Degree Level to facilitate efficient navigation. Each profession section includes:

1. Regional breakdowns with country-specific credential tables
2. Degree abbreviations in local language and English
3. Duration, credits/ECTS and accreditation status
4. Institutional examples with program details
5. Professional registration pathways where applicable

How to Use This Document

Navigation Guide

For Multi-Profession Comparison:

Use the Table of Contents to jump between profession sections
Consult Quick Reference Tables (Section 4) for side-by-side comparisons
Review Regional Patterns (Section 5) for cross-profession insights

For Single Profession Research:

Navigate directly to the relevant profession section (A, B, or C)
Within each section, regions are organised consistently:
- Region 1: English-Speaking Countries (USA, Canada, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa)
- Region 2: Europe (Continental)
- Region 3: Asia
- Region 4: Latin America
- Region 5: Africa
- Region 6: Oceania

For Country-Specific Information:

Use Ctrl+F (Cmd+F on Mac) to search for country names
Consult Appendix A: Country Index for complete listings
Check Appendix B: Regional Cross-Reference for alternate navigation

Abbreviation Conventions

Degree Levels:

BOT/B.OT = Bachelor of Occupational Therapy
BSc(OT) = Bachelor of Science in Occupational Therapy
MOT/M.OT = Master of Occupational Therapy
MSc(OT) = Master of Science in Occupational Therapy
OTD = Doctor of Occupational Therapy (Clinical Doctorate)
PhD = Doctor of Philosophy (Research Doctorate)
PGDip = Postgraduate Diploma
PGCert = Postgraduate Certificate
MA/MS = Master of Arts/Science
BA/BS = Bachelor of Arts/Science
EdD = Doctor of Education

Educational Systems:

ECTS = European Credit Transfer System (60 ECTS = 1 academic year)
FT = Full-time
PT = Part-time
WFOT = World Federation of Occupational Therapists (OT accreditation)
HCPC = Health and Care Professions Council (UK regulation)
APA = American Psychological Association
AOTA = American Occupational Therapy Association
CATA = Canadian Art Therapy Association
ANZACATA = Australian, New Zealand and Asian Creative Arts Therapies Association

Important Notes

Credential Verification:

All programs listed are from accredited universities or recognised institutions
Accreditation status reflects information current as of October 2025
Prospective students should verify current program status directly with institutions

Scope Limitations:

This document covers academic/university credentials only
Professional certifications, test publisher certifications, and non-university training institutes are generally excluded
Some specialised institutes with university partnerships are included where relevant

Regional Variations:

Entry-level education requirements vary significantly by country
Professional registration requirements differ across jurisdictions
Always consult local regulatory bodies for practice requirements

SECTION A: OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (Mental Health Focus)

Occupational therapy (OT) uses purposeful activity and occupation to promote health, well-being, and participation in life activities. This section focuses on academic credentials with particular attention to mental health and psychosocial rehabilitation specialisations.

Global Context

Entry-Level Education Requirements:

North America (USA, Canada): Master's or doctoral degree required
Europe: 3-4 year bachelor's degree (Bologna Process: 180-240 ECTS)
Asia, Latin America, Africa, Oceania: 4-year bachelor's degree standard
Trend: Global movement toward higher entry-level qualifications

Mental Health Integration:
All WFOT-approved programs include mental health/psychosocial components with minimum 250 hours of practice placement in mental health settings.

Region 1: English-Speaking Countries

UNITED STATES

| Degree Level | Credential | Duration | Notes |
|--------------|-----------|----------|-------|
| Undergraduate | N/A | — | Entry-level education moved to master's/doctoral level |
| Master's | MSOT / MS(OT), MOT | 2-3 years post-bachelor | Entry-level professional qualification |
| Doctoral (Entry-Level) | OTD | 3-3.5 years post-bachelor | Entry-level; increasingly common since 2018 |
| Doctoral (Post-Professional) | OTD (Post-Professional) | 1-2 years beyond entry-level | Advanced clinical doctorate |
| PhD | PhD in Occupational Science, PhD in Rehabilitation Sciences, PhD in Kinesiology (OT Track) | 3-5 years | Research-focused; USC, Boston University, NYU, others |
| EdD | EdD | 3-4 years | Leadership/education; Columbia, USAHS |
| Other Doctorates | DHSc, DSc, CScD | 2-4 years | Advanced practice; various institutions |
| Certificates | Certificate of Advanced Studies | Variable | Specialized advanced practice; Quinnipiac University |

Key Institutions: University of Southern California (USC), Boston University, New York University, Columbia University, University of Illinois Chicago, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Pittsburgh, U.S. Army-Baylor

Professional Context: ACOTE accreditation required; USA moving toward OTD as recommended entry-level by 2027 (not mandatory)

CANADA

| Degree Level | Credential | Duration | Key Programs | Accreditation |
|--------------|-----------|----------|--------------|---------------|
| Undergraduate | B.Erg. (Baccalauréat en ergothérapie) | 3-4 years | Université Laval | French-language |
| Master's | MScOT / MSc(OT), MOT | 2-3 years | University of Manitoba, others | CAOT-accredited; entry-level since 2008 |
| Master's (French) | Maîtrise en ergothérapie | 2-3 years | Université de Sherbrooke | French-language |
| Doctoral | PhD in Rehabilitation Sciences | 3-5 years | Various universities | Research doctorate with OT focus |
| Certificates | Graduate Certificate in Mental Health Practice | Variable, PT options | Health professionals | Mental health specialization |

Key Institutions: Université Laval, University of Manitoba, Université de Sherbrooke

Professional Context: CAOT accreditation; master's degree required for entry-level practice since 2008

UNITED KINGDOM

| Degree Level | Credential | Duration | Accreditation | Examples |
|--------------|-----------|----------|---------------|----------|
| Undergraduate | BSc (Hons) Occupational Therapy, BOT (Hons) | 3-4 years FT | HCPC-approved, RCOT-accredited | Entry-level qualification |
| Master's (Pre-Registration) | MSc Occupational Therapy (Pre-Registration) | 2 years FT | HCPC-approved, RCOT-accredited | Royal Holloway, Canterbury Christ Church, Keele, ARU |
| Master's (Post-Registration) | MSc Advanced Clinical Practice | 1-2 years | Professional development | Post-registration specialization |
| Doctoral | PhD in Occupational Therapy/Science, Professional Doctorate in OT | 3-4 years | Research/practice-focused | Various universities |
| PGDip | PGDip Occupational Therapy (Pre-Registration) | 1.5-2 years | Alternative to MSc | Leads to HCPC registration |
| PGCert | PGCert Mental Health Occupational Therapy, PGDip Psychological Therapy | 6-12 months | Mental health specialization | For practicing OTs; CBT training |

Key Institutions: Royal Holloway, University of Cumbria, Canterbury Christ Church University, Keele University, Anglia Ruskin University

Professional Context: HCPC registration legally required to practice; RCOT professional body

IRELAND

| Degree Level | Credential | Duration | Key Programs | Accreditation |
|--------------|-----------|----------|--------------|---------------|
| Undergraduate | BSc Occupational Therapy, BSc (Hons) OT | 4 years | NUI Galway, Trinity College Dublin, UCC, UL, Kerry College | CORU-registered, WFOT-approved; minimum 250 hours mental health placement |
| Master's | MSc Occupational Therapy (Professional Qualification) | 2 years accelerated | University of Limerick | Graduate-entry, WFOT-approved |
| PGCert | PG.Grad.Cert. Mental Health Psychosocial Interventions | Variable | Trinity College Dublin | Suitable for OTs, nurses, psychologists, social workers |

Key Institutions: NUI Galway (University of Galway), Trinity College Dublin, University College Cork, University of Limerick, Kerry College

Professional Context: CORU registration; WFOT approval standard

AUSTRALIA

| Degree Level | Credential | Duration | Key Programs | Accreditation |
|--------------|-----------|----------|--------------|---------------|
| Undergraduate | BOT, BOT (Hons), BHSc Occupational Therapy | 4 years | La Trobe (Melbourne & Bendigo), Griffith, Canberra, Newcastle, Western Sydney | WFOT-approved, OTC-accredited, OTBA-approved |
| Master's | MOT, MOT Practice, BHSc/MOT (combined) | 2-2.5 years (5 years combined) | Swinburne, UQ, La Trobe, Flinders | Graduate-entry or combined program |
| Doctoral | PhD in Occupational Therapy/Science | 3-4 years | Various universities | Research doctorate |
| Certificates | Graduate Certificate in OT, Grad Cert Mental Health Practice | 6-12 months | UNSW Sydney (online) | Specialization for practicing OTs |

Key Institutions: La Trobe University, Griffith University, University of Canberra, University of Newcastle, Western Sydney University, Swinburne University, University of Queensland, Flinders University, UNSW Sydney

Professional Context: OTBA approval, OTC accreditation; WFOT standards

NEW ZEALAND

| Degree Level | Credential | Duration | Accreditation |
|--------------|-----------|----------|---------------|
| Undergraduate | BHSc (OT), BOT | 4 years | OTBNZ-registered, WFOT-approved |
| Master's | MOT | 2 years graduate-entry | Alternative entry pathway |
| Doctoral | PhD in Rehabilitation/Occupational Therapy | 3-4 years | Research doctorate |

Key Institutions: Auckland University of Technology (AUT)

Professional Context: OTBNZ registration required; WFOT standards

SOUTH AFRICA

| Degree Level | Credential | Duration | Key Programs | Accreditation |
|--------------|-----------|----------|--------------|---------------|
| Undergraduate | B.OT | 4 years | UCT, Wits, Stellenbosch, others | HPCSA-registered, WFOT-approved; 8 accredited programs nationwide |
| Master's | M.OT, MSc(OT) | 1-2 years (research or coursework) | Stellenbosch, others | Post-professional specialization |
| Doctoral | PhD in Occupational Therapy, DPhil in Occupational Therapy | 3-4 years | Stellenbosch, others | Research doctorate |

Key Institutions: University of Cape Town, University of the Witwatersrand, University of Stellenbosch

Professional Context: HPCSA registration; 8 WFOT-approved programs nationally

Region 2: Europe

Summary Table: Major European Countries

| Country | Undergraduate | Master's | Doctoral | Key Notes |
|---------|--------------|----------|----------|-----------|
| Germany | B.Sc. Ergotherapie (6-8 sem, 180 ECTS) | M.Sc. Ergotherapie (3-4 sem) | Dr. rer. medic. (3-5 yrs) | 17 programs; dual study options |
| France | DE d'Ergothérapeute (3 yrs, 180 ECTS) | Master Ergothérapie (2 yrs, 120 ECTS) | Doctorat (3 yrs) | State Diploma required |
| Netherlands | Bachelor of Health (OT) (4 yrs, 240 ECTS) | European MSc OT (2 yrs PT) | PhD (4 yrs) | WFOT-approved since 1987 |
| Switzerland | BSc OT (3 yrs, 180 ECTS) | European MSc OT (2 yrs PT) | PhD Health Sciences (3-4 yrs) | Multilingual (DE/FR/IT) |
| Austria | BSc Ergotherapie (6 sem, 180 ECTS) | MSc Ergotherapie (4 sem) | PhD (3-4 yrs) | FH programs |
| Belgium | Bachelor Ergotherapie (3 yrs, 180 ECTS) | Master (1-2 yrs) | PhD | Flemish/French programs |
| Spain | Grado en TO (4 yrs, 240 ECTS) | Máster (1-2 yrs, 60-120 ECTS) | Doctorado (3-4 yrs) | 18 programs nationwide |
| Italy | Laurea in TO (3 yrs, 180 ECTS) | Laurea Magistrale Scienze Riab (2 yrs, 120 ECTS) | Dottorato (3-4 yrs) | Bologna system |
| Sweden | Arbetsterapeut examen (3 yrs, 180 ECTS) | Masterexamen (2 yrs, 120 ECTS) | PhD (4 yrs) | Jönköping University |
| Norway | Bachelor i ergoterapi (3 yrs, 180 ECTS) | Master (2 yrs, 120 ECTS) | PhD (3-4 yrs) | Regulated profession |
| Denmark | Professionsbachelor (3.5 yrs, 210 ECTS) | Kandidat (2 yrs) | PhD (3 yrs) | Professional bachelor |
| Finland | Toimintaterapeutti (AMK) (3.5 yrs, 210 ECTS) | Master Health Care (2 yrs) | PhD (4 yrs) | UAS programs |
| Poland | Licencjat (3 yrs, 180 ECTS) | Magister (2 yrs, 120 ECTS) | Doktor (3-4 yrs) | Multiple universities |
| Czech Republic | Bakalář (Bc.) (3 yrs, 180 ECTS) | Magistr (Mgr.) (2 yrs, 120 ECTS) | PhD (3-4 yrs) | Charles, Masaryk, Palacký |

European Context: Bologna Process standardisation (Bachelor 180-240 ECTS → Master 120 ECTS); strong emphasis on practical placement and clinical education

Region 3: Asia

Summary Table: Major Asian Countries

| Country | Undergraduate | Master's | Doctoral | Key Programs |
|---------|--------------|----------|----------|--------------|
| Japan | 作業療法学士 (4 yrs) | リハビリテーション修士 (2 yrs) | PhD (3 yrs) | Health Science U, Keio, Teikyo; strong mental health emphasis |
| South Korea | 작업치료학 학사 (4 yrs) | 작업치료학 석사 (2 yrs) | PhD (3-4 yrs) | Yonsei (WFOT since 1998), Sungkyunkwan, Sahmyook, Seoul National |
| Taiwan | 職能治療學士 (4 yrs) | 職能治療碩士 (2 yrs) | PhD (3-4 yrs) | WFOT-approved programs |
| Hong Kong | BSc (OT) (4 yrs) | MSc OT (2 yrs) | PhD Rehab Sciences (3-4 yrs) | Hong Kong Polytechnic; WFOT-approved |
| Singapore | BSc (OT) (4 yrs) | MSc OT (2 yrs) | — | International standards |
| India | BOT (4.5 yrs incl internship) | MOT (2 yrs); MOT Mental Health | PhD (3-5 yrs) | SRM, Saveetha; NCAHP-regulated |
| Israel | B.O.T. (3.5-4 yrs) | MScOT, MOccH (2 yrs) | PhD (3-4 yrs) | Hebrew U, Tel Aviv, Haifa, Ono, Zefat |
| Philippines | BSOT (4 yrs) | MOT (2 yrs) | — | Entry-level professional degree |
| Thailand | BSc (OT) (4 yrs) | MSc (2 yrs) | — | WFOT-approved programs |
| Malaysia | Bachelor OT (Honours) (4 yrs) | MSc OT (2 yrs) | PhD Rehab Sciences (3-4 yrs) | UITM; WFOT-approved Jan 2025 |
| China | 康复作业治疗学士 (4 yrs) | 康复作业治疗硕士 (2-3 yrs) | PhD Rehab Medicine (3-4 yrs) | Kunming Medical U, others |

Asian Context: 4-year bachelor's standard for entry-level; strong clinical and practical training emphasis

Region 4: Latin America

Summary Table: Major Latin American Countries

| Country | Undergraduate | Master's | Doctoral | Notes |
|---------|--------------|----------|----------|-------|
| Argentina | Lic. T.O. (4-5 yrs) | Maestría (2 yrs) | Doctorado (3-4 yrs) | UBA (4 yrs), UNMdP (5 yrs), WFOT-approved |
| Brazil | Bacharelado em TO (4 yrs) | Mestrado Profissional/Acadêmico (2 yrs) | Doutorado (4 yrs) | USP, UNCISAL; WFOT-approved; community focus |
| Chile | Licenciatura en TO (4-5 yrs) | Magíster (2 yrs) | Doctorado (3-4 yrs) | WFOT-recognized programs |
| Colombia | Terapeuta Ocupacional (4-5 yrs) | Maestría (2 yrs) | — | Professional qualification |
| Mexico | Licenciatura en TO (4-5 yrs) | Maestría (2 yrs) | Doctorado (3-4 yrs) | INTSA for postgraduate |
| Peru | Licenciatura en TO (5 yrs) | Maestría (2 yrs, limited) | — | U Peruana Cayetano Heredia |
| Venezuela | Licenciatura en TO (4-5 yrs) | Maestría (2 yrs, limited) | — | Professional degree |

Latin American Context: "Licenciatura" (4-5 years) is professional entry-level degree, equivalent to bachelor's internationally; strong social and community orientation

Region 5: Africa

Summary Table: African Countries with OT Programs

| Country | Programs Available | Duration | Notes |
|---------|-------------------|----------|-------|
| South Africa | B.OT, M.OT, PhD | 4 yrs, 1-2 yrs, 3-4 yrs | 8 accredited programs; HPCSA-registered, WFOT-approved |
| Nigeria | Diploma, B.OT | 3 yrs, 5 yrs | Only 2 OT institutions |
| Ghana | Bachelor OT | 4 yrs | Program started 2013-2016 (Accra) |
| Kenya | BSc OT, MSc | 4 yrs, 2 yrs | KMTC, Presbyterian U; WFOT-approved |
| Rwanda | Bachelor OT | 4 yrs | OT education started at bachelor level |
| Madagascar | Bachelor OT | 4 yrs | Program developed |
| Zambia | Bachelor OT | 4 yrs | Opened August 2016 |
| Egypt | Bachelor OT Technology | 4 yrs | Galala University |
| Morocco | Diplôme en Ergothérapie | 3-4 yrs | French-language programs |
| Malawi | BOT (Honours) | 4 yrs | Kamuzu U of Health Sciences |

African Context: Limited programs; concentrated in South Africa; developing programs in East and West Africa; significant need for expansion

Region 6: Oceania

Australia & New Zealand: Covered in Region 1 (English-Speaking Countries)

Pacific Islands: OT education in early developmental stages; students typically pursue education in Australia, New Zealand, or other countries; regional initiatives for local WFOT-aligned programs

Mental Health Specialisations in Occupational Therapy

Specialised Mental Health Credentials

| Country | Credential | Duration | Institution | Focus |
|---------|-----------|----------|-------------|-------|
| United Kingdom | PGCert Mental Health OT | 6-12 months | Various universities | Mental health interventions |
| United Kingdom | PGDip Psychological Therapy | 1 year | Various universities | CBT training |
| Ireland | PG.Grad.Cert. Mental Health Psychosocial Interventions | Variable | Trinity College Dublin | Psychosocial rehabilitation |
| India | MOT (Mental Health) | 2 years | SRM Institute, Sri Ramachandra | Comprehensive mental health specialization |
| Australia | Grad Cert Mental Health Practice | 6-12 months | UNSW Sydney (online) | Mental health practice improvement |
| Canada | Grad Cert Mental Health Practice | Variable PT | Various institutions | Mental health intervention strategies |

Mental Health Practice Requirements:

Minimum 250 hours mental health/psychosocial practice placement
Clinical experience in psychiatry, community mental health, psychosocial rehabilitation
Competency in mental health assessment and intervention

Emerging Specialisations:

Psychosocial Oncology
Mental Health in Paediatrics
Geriatric Mental Health / Dementia Care
Trauma-Informed Care
Recovery-Oriented Practice
Community Mental Health

SECTION B: PSYCHOMETRY & PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Psychometry (also called psychometrics) is the science of psychological measurement and assessment, encompassing test development, validation, administration, and interpretation. This section documents academic programs in psychometrics, quantitative psychology, educational measurement, and psychological assessment.

Global Context

Professional Landscape:

Strongest Development: The United States and Canada lead globally with 70+ doctoral programs
European Excellence: The Netherlands, Belgium, United Kingdom have strong research-intensive programs
Unique Models: South Africa developed specialised postgraduate diplomas (NQF Level 8) for psychometrist practice
Emerging Regions: China, Japan, South Korea developing programs at major universities

Educational Pathways:

North America: Primarily doctoral-level training (PhD, EdD)
Europe: Master's and doctoral research programs (Bologna Process aligned)
South Africa: Postgraduate Diploma pathway for HPCSA registration
Asia/Latin America: Emerging master's and doctoral programs

Career Applications:

Test development and validation
Educational assessment and measurement
Quantitative research methodology
Psychometric consulting
Academic research and teaching

Region 1: English-Speaking Countries

UNITED STATES

Doctoral Programs (PhD/EdD)

The United States leads globally with 60+ doctoral programs in psychometrics, quantitative psychology, educational measurement, and related fields.

| Program Type | Example Credentials | Duration | Select Universities |
|--------------|-------------------|----------|---------------------|
| PhD in Psychometrics | PhD | 4-6 years | Fordham University, Morgan State University |
| PhD in Educational Measurement | PhD | 4-6 years | University of Iowa, UMass Amherst |
| PhD in Measurement, Evaluation, Statistics | PhD | 4-6 years | University of Maryland, Georgia State, Boston College |
| PhD in Quantitative Psychology | PhD | 4-6 years | University of Minnesota, UC Davis, UC Merced, USC, Georgia Tech, Purdue, Notre Dame, Ohio State, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Baylor, Utah State, Virginia, Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Connecticut, Texas Austin, Penn, Wisconsin-Madison |
| PhD in Research & Evaluation Methodology | PhD | 4-6 years | University of Florida, University of Colorado Boulder |
| PhD in Measurement & Quantitative Methods | PhD | 4-6 years | Michigan State, Florida State |
| EdD in Measurement & Evaluation | EdD | 3-5 years | Columbia Teachers College, University of Georgia, UC Berkeley |
| PhD in Assessment & Measurement | PhD | 4-6 years | James Madison University, UConn |
| PhD in Applied Statistics & Research Methods | PhD | 4-6 years | University of Northern Colorado, University of Houston |

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Select Universities |
|-----------|----------|---------------------|
| MS in Psychometrics | 2 years | Morgan State University |
| MS in Applied Statistics and Psychometrics | 2 years | Boston College |
| MS in Applied Psychological Methods | 2 years | Fordham University |
| MA/MS in Educational Measurement & Statistics | 2 years | University of Iowa |
| MA/MS in Research, Measurement, Evaluation | 2 years | University of Miami, University of Kansas |
| MEd in Measurement & Statistics | 2 years | Florida State, University of Washington |
| MS in Measurement & Evaluation | 2 years | American University (online) |
| MS/MA in MESA | 2 years | University of Illinois Chicago (online) |

Graduate Certificates

| Credential | Duration | University |
|-----------|----------|------------|
| Graduate Certificate in Psychometrics & Applied Analytics | 1 year | University of Washington |
| Certificate in Measurement & Psychometrics | 18 credits | University of Alabama |
| Certificate in Educational & Psychological Measurement | Variable | Oklahoma State University |
| Certificate in Assessment, Testing, Measurement | Variable | George Washington University |

Undergraduate Programs:
- Dedicated Bachelor's in Psychometrics rare
- BS in Psychology with psychometrics concentrations available (North Dakota State, Morgan State)

Professional Context: American Psychological Association (APA) Division 5 maintains directory of quantitative/qualitative methods programs

CANADA

Doctoral Programs

| Program Type | Duration | Universities |
|--------------|----------|--------------|
| PhD in Measurement, Evaluation, Data Science | 4-6 years | University of Alberta |
| PhD in Measurement, Evaluation, Research Methodology | 4-6 years | University of British Columbia |
| PhD in Quantitative Psychology | 4-6 years | UBC, McGill, Simon Fraser |
| PhD in Methodology | 4-6 years | University of Manitoba, York University |
| PhD in Psychology (Personality & Measurement) | 4-6 years | University of Western Ontario |

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Universities |
|-----------|----------|--------------|
| MEd/MA in Measurement, Evaluation, Data Science | 2 years | University of Alberta |
| MA/MEd in Measurement, Evaluation, Research Methodology | 2 years | University of British Columbia |

Professional Context: Canadian programs often integrate measurement with evaluation and data science

UNITED KINGDOM

Doctoral Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution | Requirements |
|-----------|----------|-------------|--------------|
| PhD in Psychometrics | 3-4 years | University of Cambridge (Psychometrics Centre, Judge Business School) | Excellent first degree OR high mark in appropriate Masters with substantial quantitative element |
| PhD in Psychology/Measurement | 3-4 years | Various UK universities | Research doctorate |

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution | Format |
|-----------|----------|-------------|--------|
| MSc in Educational Assessment | 2 years | University of Oxford | Part-time for professionals |
| MSc in Psychological Research Methods | 1 year | Various UK universities | With psychometrics components |

Postgraduate Certificates

| Credential | Duration | Provider | Accreditation |
|-----------|----------|----------|---------------|
| PG Cert in Psychometric Testing, Assessment, Access Arrangements | Variable | Various institutions | BPS-accredited |
| Certificate in Psychometrics in Educational Assessment | Short course | Cambridge Assessment | CPD-accredited online |

Professional Context: British Psychological Society (BPS) provides professional accreditation; University of Cambridge Psychometrics Centre is prestigious research hub

AUSTRALIA

Doctoral Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution |
|-----------|----------|-------------|
| PhD in Psychometrics | 3-4 years | University of Western Australia (Pearson Psychometrics Laboratory), various universities |

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution |
|-----------|----------|-------------|
| Master of Psychology | 2 years | Monash, Melbourne, Sydney (with assessment components) |
| Graduate Diploma of Professional Psychology | 1 year | Monash University |

Professional Context: Psychometric assessment training integrated within psychology programs

IRELAND

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution | Components |
|-----------|----------|-------------|------------|
| MSc in Applied Psychology | 1-2 years | Trinity College Dublin | Includes psychometrics components |

NEW ZEALAND

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution |
|-----------|----------|-------------|
| Master of Applied Psychology | 2 years | University of Waikato |

Postgraduate Courses

| Course | Code | Duration | Institution | Description |
|--------|------|----------|-------------|-------------|
| Psychometric Assessment Methods | PSYC642 | 1 semester | University of Canterbury | Introduction to theory/practice of psychometric assessment in clinical work |

Region 2: Europe

NETHERLANDS

The Netherlands is a European leader in psychometric education with multiple research-intensive programs.

Doctoral Programs

| Credential | Duration | Universities |
|-----------|----------|--------------|
| PhD in Psychometrics | 4 years | University of Twente, Tilburg University, University of Amsterdam, University of Groningen |
| PhD in Methodology & Statistics | 4 years | Tilburg, Amsterdam, Groningen |

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution | Focus |
|-----------|----------|-------------|-------|
| Research Master in Psychometrics & Statistics | 2 years (120 EC) | University of Groningen | IRT, multilevel analysis, SEM, Bayesian statistics, time series |
| MSc in Psychological Methods | 2 years | University of Amsterdam | Advanced research methods |
| Research Master in Psychology: Individual Differences & Assessment | 2 years | Tilburg University | Psychometrics and measurement of individual differences |

Undergraduate Courses

| Course | Duration | Institution |
|--------|----------|-------------|
| Psychometrics | 1 semester | Universiteit Leiden (part of psychology program) |

Professional Context: EMTC (European Measurement and Testing Conference) coordination; strong research culture

BELGIUM

Doctoral Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution |
|-----------|----------|-------------|
| PhD in Psychometrics | 4 years | KU Leuven - Research Group of Quantitative Psychology & Individual Differences |

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution | Specialization |
|-----------|----------|-------------|----------------|
| Master in Psychology (Methodology Track) | 2 years | KU Leuven | Methodology, Psychometrics & Technology |

NORWAY

Doctoral Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution |
|-----------|----------|-------------|
| PhD in Assessment, Measurement, Evaluation | 4 years | University of Oslo |

SWITZERLAND

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution | Components |
|-----------|----------|-------------|------------|
| MSc in Psychology | 2 years (120 ECTS) | University of Zurich, University of Geneva | With psychometrics components |

FRANCE, SPAIN, ITALY

France: Master in Psychology programs with research methods and assessment components (Université de Paris - Institut de Psychologie)

Spain: Master in General Health Psychology (University of Barcelona, Universidad Nebrija) with assessment training

Italy: Master in Clinical and Neuropsychology (University of Padua) with neuropsychological assessment

Region 3: Asia

CHINA

Doctoral Programs

| Credential (Chinese / English) | Duration | Universities |
|-------------------------------|----------|--------------|
| 博士 PhD in Psychometrics | 3-4 years | Beijing Normal University, Peking University |

Master's Programs

| Credential (Chinese / English) | Duration | Institution | Details |
|-------------------------------|----------|-------------|---------|
| 心理学硕士 Master of Psychology (Psychometrics) | 3 years | Beijing Normal University | RMB 25,300/year; Chinese language (HSK 5 required); includes Basic, Developmental/Educational, Applied Psychology |

JAPAN

Doctoral Programs

| Credential (Japanese / English) | Duration | Universities |
|--------------------------------|----------|--------------|
| 博士 PhD in Psychology (Psychometrics) | 3 years | University of Tokyo (USAMI Lab), Kyoto University |

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution |
|-----------|----------|-------------|
| MA in Applied Psychology | 2 years | Various universities (with measurement components) |

SOUTH KOREA

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution | Specialization |
|-----------|----------|-------------|----------------|
| MEd with Assessment specialisation | 2 years | Yonsei University (Dept of Education), Seoul National University | Psychological measurement focus |

INDIA

Master's Programs

| Credential | Duration | Institution |
|-----------|----------|-------------|
| MSc in Psychology | 2 years | Various Indian universities (with psychometrics coursework) |

Postgraduate Diplomas

| Credential | Duration | Institution |
|-----------|----------|-------------|
| PG Diploma in Clinical Psychology | 1 year | IGMPI (includes assessment training) |

SINGAPORE

Professional Certificates

| Credential | Duration | Institution | Focus |
|-----------|----------|-------------|-------|
| Professional Certificate in Network Psychometrics | Workshop-based | National University of Singapore (NUS) | For behavioral and social scientists |

HONG KONG

Professional Training

Various psychometric assessment and testing courses including BPS Level 1 & 2 qualifications through professional development programs

Region 4: Latin America

ARGENTINA

Master's Programs

| Credential (Spanish / English) | Duration | Institution |
|-------------------------------|----------|-------------|
| Maestría en Psicodiagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica | 2 years | Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) |

Postgraduate Diplomas/Certificates

| Credential (Spanish / English) | Duration | Institution | Format |
|-------------------------------|----------|-------------|--------|
| Diplomado en Psicometría y Evaluación Clínica | Variable | Universidad de Belgrano | Virtual/online; 3 modules |
| Especialización en Estrategias de Evaluación en Psicología | Post-graduate | Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI) | Specialization program |

MEXICO

Master's Programs

| Credential (Spanish) | Duration | Institution | Research Focus |
|---------------------|----------|-------------|----------------|
| Maestría en Psicología | 2 years | Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) | Includes psychometric research through Laboratory of Psychometry and Digital Evaluation (LPED) |

BRAZIL

Master's Programs

| Credential (Portuguese) | Duration | Institution |
|------------------------|----------|-------------|
| Mestrado em Psicologia | 2 years | Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) |

Professional Context: Programs taught in Portuguese with psychometric research components

CHILE

Programs available at major universities with assessment training, primarily at graduate level, taught in Spanish

Region 5: Africa

SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa has the most developed psychometry qualification system in Africa with specialised professional qualifications for psychometrist practice.

Postgraduate Diplomas (Professional Qualification)

| Credential | NQF Level | Credits | Duration | Institution | Purpose |
|-----------|-----------|---------|----------|-------------|---------|
| PG Dip in Applied Psychometry | Level 8 | 120 | 1 year | University of South Africa (UNISA) | Prepares psychometrists for HPCSA registration; 5 coursework modules (Sem 1) + 6-month practicum (Sem 2); online/distance |
| BPsych Equivalent (Psychometry) | Level 8 | Variable | 6-18 months | Nelson Mandela University, Stellenbosch University, University of Johannesburg | For Honours Psychology graduates needing additional psychometry training for HPCSA registration |

Short Courses/Certificates

| Credential | Duration | Institution | Requirements |
|-----------|----------|-------------|--------------|
| Short Course in Practical Psychometry | Short course | University of Johannesburg | Honours degree in Psychology/Industrial Psychology with assessment module; prepares for national psychometrist exam |
| Basic Applied Psychometrics (BAP) | 6 months | Stellenbosch University | Bridging course for BPsych entry; test construction and evaluation |

Postgraduate Courses

| Course Code | Title | Institution | Content |
|------------|-------|-------------|---------|
| PSK 700 | Psychometrics 700 | University of Pretoria | Internship, ethical aspects, psychological tests, industry tests, report writing |

Professional Context:

HPCSA (Health Professions Council of South Africa) registration required for practice
NQF Level 8 qualification required for psychometrist registration
Competitive admission with limited spaces
Application period: September-October for following year

KENYA

Thematic Areas in Psychology Programs

| Specialization | Institution | Coverage |
|---------------|-------------|----------|
| Psychometrics Thematic Area | University of Nairobi - Department of Psychology | Statistics, Research Methods, Tests & Measurement, Forensic Psychology, Psychological Testing, Measurement & Evaluation |

Professional Context: Psychometrics integrated as a specialisation within broader psychology degree programs

NIGERIA, EGYPT

Current Status: Psychology programs with psychometric and assessment training integrated within general psychology curricula; limited specialised psychometry qualifications

Region 6: Oceania

Australia & New Zealand: Covered in Region 1 (English-Speaking Countries)

Pacific Islands: Limited specialised psychometry programs; psychology services and training typically through partnerships with Australian and New Zealand institutions

Summary by Degree Level

Doctoral Degrees (PhD/EdD)

Countries with Extensive Offerings:

United States: 60+ programs (largest globally)
Canada: 10+ programs
Netherlands: 5+ programs (European leader)
United Kingdom: Select programs (Cambridge, Edinburgh)
Australia: Multiple programs
Belgium: KU Leuven programs
China: Beijing Normal, Peking University

Typical Duration: 4-6 years (USA/Canada), 3-4 years (Europe/Asia/Australia)

Common Titles: PhD in Psychometrics, PhD in Quantitative Psychology, PhD in Measurement and Evaluation, EdD in Measurement

Master's Degrees

Countries with Extensive Offerings:
United States: 50+ programs

Canada: 10+ programs
Netherlands: 5+ programs (strong research focus)
United Kingdom: Multiple programs
Australia: Multiple programs
Belgium: KU Leuven
Germany: Tübingen (Quantitative Data Science Methods)
China: Beijing Normal University
Argentina: Universidad de Buenos Aires
Mexico: UNAM

Typical Duration: 2 years (1-2 years in some European countries)

Common Titles: MS/MA in Psychometrics, MSc in Educational Measurement, MS in Applied Statistics and Psychometrics

Postgraduate Diplomas/Certificates

Countries with Specialised Offerings:

South Africa: Most developed system with PG Dip in Applied Psychometry (NQF 8) - unique globally
United States: Multiple certificate programs
United Kingdom: BPS-accredited certificates
Singapore: Professional certificates (NUS)
Australia: Graduate diplomas
Argentina: Diplomados in psychometry

Typical Duration: 6 months to 2 years

Purpose: Professional credentialing (especially South Africa), specialised training

Undergraduate Degrees

Notes:

Dedicated Bachelor's degrees specifically titled "Psychometrics" are rare globally
Most undergraduate psychometric training occurs within Bachelor of Psychology or Bachelor of Science (Psychology) programs
Exceptions: Specialised programs in USA (North Dakota State University)

Terminology Variations

The field uses various terms across regions:

Psychometry/Psychometrics: Universal, but "psychometry" more common in South Africa
Quantitative Psychology: Common in USA for psychology department programs
Educational Measurement: Common in education departments (USA, Canada)
Measurement and Evaluation: Broader term including program evaluation
Research Methodology: Often includes psychometrics as component

SECTION C: CREATIVE/EXPRESSIVE THERAPIES

Creative and expressive therapies use artistic modalities within therapeutic relationships to promote mental, emotional, and physical well-being. This section covers Art Therapy, Music Therapy, and Drama/Dance/Movement Therapy across all global regions.

Global Context

Therapy Modalities:
1. Art Therapy: Uses visual arts and creative processes
2. Music Therapy: Uses music interventions
3. Dance/Movement Therapy: Uses movement and dance
4. Drama Therapy: Uses theatre, role-play, and dramatic processes

Entry-Level Requirements:

Master's-Level Entry (Most Common): UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada (art therapy), USA (art, dance, drama therapies)
Undergraduate Entry Available: USA (music therapy), Germany (art & music), Netherlands (music), Brazil/Latin America (music)
Trend: Global movement toward master's-level as minimum professional qualification

Clinical Hours Requirements:

USA (ADTA - Dance/Movement): Minimum 700 hours
Australia/NZ (ANZACATA - All therapies): Minimum 750 hours
UK (HCPC - All therapies): Typically 500-800 hours
USA (AATA - Art Therapy): 700 hours practicum + 1000 hours internship

3.1 ART THERAPY

Art therapy uses visual arts and creative processes within a therapeutic relationship to improve mental, emotional, and physical well-being.

Region 1: English-Speaking Countries

UNITED STATES

| Degree Level | Programs | Duration | Key Details |
|--------------|----------|----------|-------------|
| Undergraduate (Pre-Professional) | 10+ BA/BFA programs | 4 years | University of Tampa, Millikin, Notre Dame Maryland, Anna Maria College, Ursuline, Mercyhurst, Temple, Converse, West Liberty |
| Master's (Entry-Level) | 30+ programs | 2-3 years | AATA-approved; professional qualification required for practice |
| Doctoral | 3 programs | 3-5 years | Dominican University CA (PhD Art Therapy), Florida State (PhD Art Education - Art Therapy major), Lesley (Low Residency PhD Expressive Therapies) |

UNITED KINGDOM

| Degree Level | Credential | Duration | Key Programs | Accreditation |
|--------------|-----------|----------|--------------|---------------|
| Master's | MA Art Psychotherapy, MSc Art Psychotherapy | 2 yrs FT / 3 yrs PT | Brunel, Chester, Derby, Goldsmiths, Hertfordshire, Queen Margaret (Edinburgh), Ulster (Belfast), Roehampton, Sheffield Hallam, South Wales | HCPC-approved (legally required); BAAT-recognised |
| Degree Apprenticeship | MSc Arts Therapist | 2-3 years | Teesside University | Employer-funded; HCPC pathway |

CANADA

| Credential | Institution | Duration | Accreditation |
|-----------|-------------|----------|---------------|
| MCP Art Therapy | Adler University, Vancouver | 60 credits / 2 yrs | CATA-Audited |
| MA Art Therapy | Concordia University, Montreal | 60 credits / 2 yrs | CATA-Audited |
| Graduate Diplomas/Programs | CiiAT, TATI, KATI, St. Stephen's College, UQAT (French), VATI, WHEAT | Graduate level | CATA-Audited; campus & distance options |

AUSTRALIA

| Credential | Institution | Duration | Accreditation |
|-----------|-------------|----------|---------------|
| MArtTh | Western Sydney University, La Trobe University | 2 years FT | ANZACATA Approved; 750+ clinical hours |
| MMH (Art Therapy) | University of Queensland | 1.5-2 years | ANZACATA Approved |
| MCAT | University of Melbourne (drama/dance specialisation), Murdoch University | 2 years FT | ANZACATA Approved |
| BA Arts Therapy | Ikon Institute | 3 years | Online option |
| Prof Doc Therapeutic Arts Practice | The MIECAT Institute | 3-4 years | ANZACATA Approved |

NEW ZEALAND, IRELAND

NZ: MCAT Creative Arts Therapy (Clinical) - Whitecliffe College (2 years FT, ANZACATA Approved); PGDip available
Ireland: MSc Art Therapy - MTU Crawford College (2 yrs FT/3 yrs PT, 120 ECTS, IACAT Approved)

Region 2: Europe

GERMANY

| Degree | Programs | Duration | Key Institutions |
|--------|----------|----------|------------------|
| Bachelor's | B.Sc./B.A. Kunsttherapie | 3-4 years (180-240 ECTS) | Alanus University, KHSB Berlin, Nuertingen-Geislingen |
| Master's | M.A. Kunsttherapie | 2 years (120 ECTS) | Alanus, Nuertingen-Geislingen, Freiburg, weißensee Berlin, MSH Hamburg |
| Diplom | Diplom Kunsttherapie | 5 years | Dresden HfBK (Master-equivalent traditional German degree) |

SWITZERLAND, AUSTRIA, NETHERLANDS, SPAIN

Switzerland: MA Expressive Arts Therapy (EGS, 2 yrs); PhD Expressive Arts (EGS, 3-5 yrs)
Austria: MA Clinical Art Therapy (Sigmund Freud Private U Vienna, 6 semesters, 120 ECTS)
Netherlands: MA Arts Therapies - Art Therapy specialisation (Codarts Rotterdam, 2 yrs PT)
Spain: Máster en Arteterapia (Metàfora Barcelona, 2 yrs PT); PGDip available

Region 3: Asia

| Country | Credential | Institution | Duration | Accreditation |
|---------|-----------|-------------|----------|---------------|
| Singapore | MA Art Therapy | LASALLE College of the Arts | 2 years FT (240 credits) | ANZACATA Approved; first in Southeast Asia |
| Hong Kong | MExpArtsTh | University of Hong Kong (HKU) | 2 yrs FT / 3 yrs PT | ANZACATA Eligible; 750 clinical hours |
| Thailand | MA Expressive Arts Therapy | Chulalongkorn University | 2 years FT (39 credits) | English-taught; multi-arts approach |
| South Korea | BA Art Therapy | Daegu Cyber University | 4 years | Online program |

Status: Art therapy developing in Japan, China, Taiwan, India - typically integrated within psychology/counselling programs

Region 4: Latin America

Current Status: Art therapy emerging with limited formal university programs; training primarily through specialised institutes, professional workshops, and continuing education rather than traditional degree-granting universities

Region 5 & 6: Africa and Oceania

South Africa: Limited programs; represented through SANATA; most practitioners complete psychology/social work degrees with specialised training
Pacific Islands: No formal programs; training typically pursued in Australia/New Zealand

3.2 MUSIC THERAPY

Music therapy uses music interventions within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs.

Region 1: English-Speaking Countries

UNITED STATES

| Degree Level | Programs | Duration | Key Details |
|--------------|----------|----------|-------------|
| Bachelor's | 80+ BM/BS programs | 4 years | AMTA-approved; entry-level qualification (Berklee, Howard, UGA, Cleveland State, Temple, SMU, Miami, Carroll) |
| Master's | 20+ MM/MA programs | 2-3 years | Arizona State, Drexel (MA Music Therapy & Counseling), Miami, Colorado State (online) |
| Doctoral | 2+ programs | 4-6 years | Miami Frost School (PhD), Temple (PhD Music with MT emphasis) |

Professional Context: AMTA approves ~80 undergraduate and ~20 graduate programs; Board Certification (MT-BC) requires AMTA-approved degree + national exam

CANADA

| Credential | Institution | Duration | Accreditation |
|-----------|-------------|----------|---------------|
| BMT | Capilano University (BC), Wilfrid Laurier University (ON) | 4 years | CAMT Recognised |
| MMT | Wilfrid Laurier University | 2 years | CAMT Recognized; for students with prior MT degrees |
| MA Creative Arts Therapies (Music option) | Concordia University, Montreal | 60 credits | CAMT Recognized |

UNITED KINGDOM, IRELAND, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND

UK: MA Music Therapy (Derby, Queen Margaret Edinburgh, Anglia Ruskin - 2 yrs FT, HCPC Approved)
Ireland: MA Music Therapy (University of Limerick, 2 yrs FT, IACAT Approved)
Australia: MMT (University of Melbourne, Western Sydney - 2 yrs FT, AMTA Approved, 640+ clinical hours)
New Zealand: MMusTher (Victoria University of Wellington - 2 yrs FT, only program in NZ)

Region 2: Europe

GERMANY, AUSTRIA, NETHERLANDS

| Country | Bachelor's | Master's | Key Institutions |
|---------|-----------|----------|------------------|
| Germany | — | MA Musiktherapie (2 yrs, 120 ECTS) | Alanus Hochschule, SRH Heidelberg, Berlin UdK, Hamburg UMT |
| Austria | BSc Music Therapy (8 sem, 180 ECTS) | MA Music Therapy (4 sem, 120 ECTS) | U of Music & Performing Arts, Graz |
| Netherlands | Bachelor Music Therapy (4 yrs, 240 ECTS) | MA Music Therapy (2 yrs FT); MA Arts Therapies (3 yrs PT) | ArtEZ Enschede, Codarts Rotterdam |

SPAIN, OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Spain: Master's Degree in Music Therapy (ESMUC Barcelona, 2 yrs); Lifelong Learning Certificate (U Barcelona, 60-90 ECTS)
France, Italy, Belgium, Nordic: Programs through conservatories and health sciences faculties; consult EMTC for listings

Professional Context: European Music Therapy Confederation (EMTC) maintains updated program lists across member countries

Region 3: Asia

| Country | Programs | Details |
|---------|----------|---------|
| South Korea | Bachelor in Music Therapy | Seoul Cyber University (4 yrs, online) |
| Japan | Courses within medical/psychology faculties | Japanese Music Therapy Association certification |
| China | Emerging programs | Central Conservatory of Music offers courses |
| Taiwan, India, Thailand | Limited formal programs | Music therapy within rehabilitation/special education; workshops/professional development |

Status: Most Asian countries recognise music therapy at postgraduate/professional development level; training through medical, psychology, special education departments

Region 4: Latin America

Countries with University Programs:

| Country | Level | Programs Available |
|---------|-------|-------------------|
| Brazil | Undergraduate | Bacharelado em Musicoterapia (UFRJ - 4 yrs, first federal university program) |
| Argentina | Undergraduate, Graduate | Bachelor's programs; graduate diplomas/specializations (FAM oversight) |
| Uruguay, Paraguay | Undergraduate | Music therapy bachelor's degrees |
| Colombia, Chile, Mexico | Graduate | Master's level programs; limited formal programs |

Professional Context: According to World Federation of Music Therapy (WFMT):

Undergraduate: Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Graduate: Colombia, Brazil, Chile, Mexico
Other Training: Panama, Cuba, Guatemala, Trinidad & Tobago, Peru, República Dominicana, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador

Region 5: Africa

SOUTH AFRICA

| Credential | Institution | Notes |
|-----------|-------------|-------|
| Postgraduate Degree in Music Therapy | University of Pretoria | 2+ years; only accredited music therapy program on African continent |

Other African Nations: Formal programs not established; music therapy exists through community programs, NGOs, international partnerships

3.3 DANCE/MOVEMENT THERAPY

Dance/Movement Therapy (DMT) uses movement and dance within therapeutic relationships to promote emotional, cognitive, physical, and social integration.

Region 1: English-Speaking Countries

UNITED STATES

| Credential | Institution | Location | Accreditation |
|-----------|-------------|----------|---------------|
| MA Dance/Movement Therapy with CFT concentration | Antioch University New England | Keene, NH | ADTA Approved |
| MS Dance/Movement Therapy & Counseling | Drexel University | Philadelphia, PA | ADTA Approved |
| MA Clinical Mental Health Counseling: DMT Specialization | Lesley University | Cambridge, MA | ADTA Approved |
| MA Clinical Mental Health Counseling: Somatic Counseling DMT | Naropa University | Boulder, CO | ADTA Approved |
| MPS Dance/Movement Therapy | Pratt Institute | Brooklyn, NY | ADTA Approved (also low-residency option) |
| MA Clinical Mental Health Counseling with DMT Concentration | Rider University | Lawrenceville, NJ | ADTA Approved |
| MS Dance/Movement Therapy | Sarah Lawrence College | Bronxville, NY | ADTA Approved |

Professional Context: 8 ADTA-approved programs; minimum 700 hours supervised clinical training; R-DMT credential upon completion

CANADA, UK, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND

Canada: No ADTA-approved master's; alternate route through National Centre for Dance Therapy (Montreal) ADTA-approved courses
UK: MA Dance Movement Psychotherapy (Derby, 2 yrs FT/3 yrs PT, HCPC Approved); MA Drama & Movement Therapy (CSSD)
Australia: MCAT Dance/Movement specialisation (U Melbourne, 2 yrs FT, ANZACATA Approved)

New Zealand: MDMT (U Auckland, 2 yrs FT, launched 2019)

Region 2: Europe

Distribution: 41 professional DMT trainings and 18 introductory programs across 16+ countries (EADMT data)

| Country | Programs | Key Details |
|---------|----------|-------------|
| Germany | 16 programs (most in Europe) | MA Tanztherapie (SRH Heidelberg, 2 yrs, 120 ECTS) |
| Italy | 10 professional trainings | Second-most programs in Europe |
| Netherlands | 3 programs | MA Arts Therapies - DMT specialisation (Codarts Rotterdam, 2 yrs) |
| Spain | 2 programs | Master's Degree DMT (UAB Barcelona, 2 yrs, 120 ECTS) |
| Belgium | 2 programs | Advanced Bachelor Arts Therapies - Dance specialisation (Arteveldehogeschool, 1 yr) |
| Other European | Multiple | Estonia (MSc Arts Therapies, Tallinn U), Poland (4-yr PG Diploma), Slovenia (MA Support through Arts - DMT, U Ljubljana) |

Countries with Programs: Belgium, Czech Republic (4), Denmark (2), Estonia (2), Germany (16), Greece (2), Hungary (1), Israel (4), Italy (10), Latvia (1), Netherlands (3), Poland (2), Portugal (1), Russia (1), Spain (2), Sweden (2), UK (4)

Regions 3, 4, 5, 6: Asia, Latin America, Africa, Oceania

China/Netherlands: ADTA-approved alternate route (Inspirees Institute)
Latin America: Emerging field; limited formal programs; training through workshops and professional institutes
Africa: Minimal presence; no formal university programs
Pacific Islands: No formal programs

3.4 DRAMA THERAPY

Drama therapy uses theatre, role-play, and dramatic processes within therapeutic relationships.

Region 1: English-Speaking Countries

UNITED STATES

| Credential | Institution | Location | Accreditation Since |
|-----------|-------------|----------|---------------------|
| MA Counseling & Family Therapy (Drama Therapy) | Antioch University | Seattle, WA | 2018 |
| MA Drama Therapy | California Institute of Integral Studies | San Francisco, CA | 1991 |
| MA Theater with Drama Therapy Concentration | Kansas State University | Manhattan, KS | 2019 |
| MA Expressive Therapies (Drama specialization) | Lesley University | Cambridge, MA | 2014 |
| MA Drama Therapy | New York University | New York, NY | 1989 (longest continuous) |

Professional Context: 5 NADTA-accredited programs; RDT credential upon completion

CANADA, UK, AUSTRALIA

Canada: MA Creative Arts Therapies - Drama Therapy option (Concordia, 60 credits/2 yrs, NADTA Approved since 2000)
UK: MA Drama and Movement Therapy (CSSD, 2 yrs FT); additional dramatherapy programs through BADth
Australia: Within creative arts therapy programs (U Melbourne MCAT with drama specialisation)

Region 5: Africa

SOUTH AFRICA

| Credential | Institution | Duration | Details |
|-----------|-------------|----------|---------|
| MA in Drama Therapy | University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) | 180 credits / 1-2 years | 90 credits research + 90 credits coursework; only formal drama therapy program in Africa; relational humanism/liberation pedagogies; human rights-based model |

Other Regions

Europe: Limited standalone programs; often integrated within psychology/counselling
Asia: Within expressive arts programs (HKU, Chulalongkorn, LASALLE)
Latin America: Psychodrama (certification-based) more established than drama therapy

3.5 PSYCHODRAMA

Psychodrama uses guided dramatic action and role-playing as therapeutic intervention. Training is certification-based rather than university degree programs.

Certification Levels (American Board of Examiners model):
1. Certified Practitioner (CP): 780 hours training
2. Trained Auxiliary Ego (TAE): Advanced role training
3. Certified Psychodrama Director (CP): Full clinical certification
4. Trainer, Educator, Practitioner (TEP): Highest level; can train others

Regional Organisations:

North America: American Board of Examiners (ABE)
Europe: FEPTO (Federation of European Psychodrama Training Organisations)
Asia: Asia Pacific Clinical Practice Board (APCB) - 550 hours workshops required
Latin America: Strong psychodrama communities (Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, Chile)
Oceania: ANZPA (Australia and New Zealand Psychodrama Association)

Active Countries:

Europe: Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Netherlands, UK, Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey
Asia: Taiwan, Japan, India, Singapore, China, South Korea
Latin America: Brazil (strong tradition), Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, Chile
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

Quick Reference Tables

Table 1: Entry-Level Education Requirements by Profession and Region

| Region | Occupational Therapy | Psychometry | Art Therapy | Music Therapy | Dance/Movement | Drama Therapy |
|--------|---------------------|-------------|-------------|---------------|----------------|---------------|
| North America | Master's/Doctoral (USA, Canada) | Doctoral (PhD/EdD) | Master's | Bachelor's (USA); Master's (Canada) | Master's | Master's |
| Europe | Bachelor's (3-4 yrs, 180-240 ECTS) | Master's/Doctoral | Master's | Bachelor's/Master's varies | Master's | Master's/Integrated |
| UK & Ireland | Bachelor's or Master's; HCPC/CORU registered | Master's/Doctoral | Master's (HCPC/IACAT) | Master's (HCPC/IACAT) | Master's (HCPC) | Master's (HCPC) |
| Australia/NZ | Bachelor's (4 yrs); WFOT-approved | Master's/Doctoral | Master's (ANZACATA) | Master's (AMTA/MThNZ) | Master's (ANZACATA) | Master's (ANZACATA) |
| Asia | Bachelor's (4 yrs) | Emerging Master's/Doctoral | Master's (limited) | Bachelor's/Master's varies | Limited | Limited/Integrated |
| Latin America | Licenciatura (4-5 yrs) | Master's (limited) | Emerging/Limited | Bachelor's/Master's (music most developed) | Emerging | Limited/Psychodrama stronger |
| Africa | Bachelor's (4 yrs); limited programs | PG Diploma (SA only) | Very limited | Very limited | Very limited | MA (Wits SA only) |

Table 2: Doctoral Programs by Profession and Region

| Region | Occupational Therapy | Psychometry | Creative/Expressive Therapies |
|--------|---------------------|-------------|------------------------------|
| USA | OTD (entry-level/post-prof), PhD (research), EdD, DHSc, DSc, CScD | 60+ PhD/EdD programs in psychometrics, quantitative psych, measurement | PhD Art Therapy (3 programs), PhD Music Therapy (2 programs) |
| Canada | PhD Rehabilitation Sciences | 10+ PhD programs in measurement, evaluation, quantitative | Limited doctoral options |
| UK | PhD/Professional Doctorate in OT | PhD Psychometrics (Cambridge), PhD Research | PhD research options |
| Europe | PhD/Dr. varies by country | PhD Netherlands (4), Belgium, Norway | PhD Expressive Arts (EGS Switzerland) |
| Australia | PhD OT/Occupational Science | PhD Psychometrics | Prof Doc Therapeutic Arts (MIECAT) |
| Asia | PhD (3-4 yrs) in Japan, Korea, China, others | PhD China (Beijing Normal, Peking U), Japan, Korea | Limited |
| Latin America | Doctorado (3-4 yrs) in Argentina, Brazil, Chile | Limited | Very limited |
| Africa | PhD/DPhil (South Africa) | Limited | None identified |

Table 3: Professional Associations and Accrediting Bodies

Occupational Therapy

| Region | Professional Association | Regulatory/Accrediting Body | Notes |
|--------|-------------------------|----------------------------|-------|
| USA | American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) | ACOTE | Accreditation required |
| Canada | Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) | CAOT | Program accreditation |
| UK | Royal College of Occupational Therapists (RCOT) | Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) | HCPC registration legally required |
| Ireland | Association of Occupational Therapists of Ireland (AOTI) | CORU | Statutory registration |
| Australia | Occupational Therapy Australia (OTA) | Occupational Therapy Board of Australia (OTBA), OT Council (OTC) | WFOT standards |
| New Zealand | Occupational Therapy New Zealand (OTNZ) | Occupational Therapy Board of New Zealand (OTBNZ) | Statutory registration |
| Worldwide | World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT) | WFOT | International accreditation standard |

Psychometry

| Region | Professional Association | Notes |
|--------|-------------------------|-------|
| USA | American Psychological Association (APA) Division 5 | Quantitative & Qualitative Methods |
| UK | British Psychological Society (BPS) | Psychometric test user qualifications |
| South Africa | Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) | Statutory regulation; psychometrist registration |
| Europe | Various national psychology associations | Country-specific regulation |

Creative/Expressive Therapies

| Therapy Type | USA/Canada | UK/Ireland | Australia/NZ | Europe |
|--------------|-----------|------------|--------------|--------|
| Art Therapy | AATA (USA), CATA (Canada) | BAAT (UK), IACAT (Ireland) | ANZACATA | National associations |
| Music Therapy | AMTA (USA), CAMT (Canada) | BAMT (UK), IACAT (Ireland) | AMTA (Aus), MThNZ (NZ) | EMTC (European confederation) |
| Dance/Movement | ADTA (USA/Canada) | ADMP UK | ANZACATA | EADMT (European association) |
| Drama Therapy | NADTA (USA/Canada) | BADth (UK) | ANZACATA | National associations |

Table 4: Credential Abbreviations Cross-Reference

| Abbreviation | Full Title | Profession | Common Regions |
|--------------|-----------|------------|----------------|
| BOT/B.OT | Bachelor of Occupational Therapy | OT | Global (except North America entry-level) |
| BSc(OT) | Bachelor of Science in Occupational Therapy | OT | UK, Ireland, Commonwealth |
| MOT/M.OT | Master of Occupational Therapy | OT | Global |
| MSc(OT) | Master of Science in Occupational Therapy | OT | UK, Ireland, Commonwealth |
| OTD | Doctor of Occupational Therapy | OT | USA (entry-level clinical doctorate) |
| PhD | Doctor of Philosophy | All | Global (research doctorate) |
| EdD | Doctor of Education | OT, Psychometry | USA, some international |
| MS/MA Psychometrics | Master of Science/Arts in Psychometrics | Psychometry | USA, Canada, international |
| PhD Quantitative Psychology | Doctor of Philosophy in Quantitative Psychology | Psychometry | USA, Canada |
| PG Dip Applied Psychometry | Postgraduate Diploma in Applied Psychometry | Psychometry | South Africa (NQF Level 8) |
| MA Art Therapy | Master of Arts in Art Therapy | Art Therapy | USA, Canada, global |
| MA Art Psychotherapy | Master of Arts in Art Psychotherapy | Art Therapy | UK, Ireland |
| BM/BMT | Bachelor of Music (Therapy) | Music Therapy | USA, Canada |
| MM/MMT | Master of Music (Therapy) | Music Therapy | USA, Canada, global |
| MA/MS DMT | Master of Arts/Science in Dance/Movement Therapy | Dance/Movement | USA, global |
| MA Drama Therapy | Master of Arts in Drama Therapy | Drama Therapy | USA, Canada, UK, South Africa |
| MCAT | Master of Creative Arts Therapy | All expressive | Australia, New Zealand |
| MArtTh | Master of Art Therapy | Art Therapy | Australia |
| MExpArtsTh | Master of Expressive Arts Therapy | Multi-modal | Hong Kong |
| PGDip/PGCert | Postgraduate Diploma/Certificate | All | UK, Ireland, Commonwealth |
| Licenciatura | Licentiate (Professional Bachelor's equivalent) | OT | Latin America (4-5 years) |
| Maestría | Master's Degree | OT, Psychometry | Latin America |
| Bacharelado/Mestrado/Doutorado | Bachelor's/Master's/Doctorate | All | Brazil (Portuguese) |
| Ergotherapie/Musiktherapie/Kunsttherapie | Occupational/Music/Art Therapy | OT, Music, Art | German-speaking countries |
| Ergothérapie/Musicothérapie/Art-thérapie | Occupational/Music/Art Therapy | OT, Music, Art | French-speaking countries |

Regional Patterns and Insights

Pattern 1: Educational Pathways Evolution

Historical Development:

Occupational Therapy: Began with diploma/bachelor's programs; North America transitioned to master's/doctoral entry (USA by 2000s, Canada by 2008)
Psychometry: Always primarily graduate-level in most countries; undergraduate integration within psychology programs
Creative Therapies: Evolved from workshop-based training to formalised master's programs from 1960s-1990s

Current Trends:
1. Upward Credential Creep: Movement toward higher entry-level qualifications globally
2. Harmonisation Efforts: Bologna Process in Europe standardising credentials (180 ECTS bachelor + 120 ECTS master)
3. Competency-Based Education: Emphasis on clinical hours, practical placements, competency assessments
4. Online/Distance Learning: Growing availability, especially for postgraduate specialisations

Pattern 2: Geographic Concentration and Gaps

Highly Developed Regions (All Three Professions):
1. North America (USA/Canada): Most extensive program offerings at all levels
2. Western Europe: Strong bachelor's and master's programs; research-intensive doctoral education
3. Australia/New Zealand: Well-established master's-level programs with strong clinical focus
4. United Kingdom/Ireland: Statutory regulation driving high standards; HCPC/CORU/IACAT oversight

Moderately Developed Regions:
1. East Asia (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore): Growing programs, particularly in OT and music therapy
2. Latin America: OT and music therapy most established; creative therapies emerging
3. South Africa: Regional leader in Africa; unique psychometry postgraduate diplomas

Underserved Regions (Significant Gaps):
1. Sub-Saharan Africa (except South Africa): Very limited programs across all professions
2. Pacific Islands: No formal programs; reliance on Australia/NZ training
3. Central Asia: Limited information; minimal formal programs
4. Middle East: Limited coverage in this research; some programs in Israel

Pattern 3: Profession-Specific Development Stages

Most Globally Developed:

Occupational Therapy: Present in 60+ countries; WFOT provides international standards; bachelor's through doctoral pathways established
Music Therapy: Broadest geographic spread among creative therapies; undergraduate programs in multiple regions; established in Latin America

Well-Developed in Specific Regions:

Art Therapy: Strong in North America, Western Europe, Australia/NZ; master's-level standard
Psychometry: Concentrated in the USA, the Netherlands, Belgium, UK; highly specialised doctoral training

Emerging/Specialised:

Dance/Movement Therapy: Strong in the USA and Europe (especially Germany with 16 programs); expanding to Australia/NZ
Drama Therapy: Most specialised; limited programs globally; strongest in the USA; rare outside Anglophone countries

Alternative Models:

Psychodrama: Certification-based rather than degree-based; active worldwide through professional associations

Pattern 4: Regulatory Models Across Professions

Statutory Regulation (Legal Requirement for Practice):
1. United Kingdom: HCPC registration required for OT and all creative therapies
2. Ireland: CORU registration for OT; IACAT for creative therapies
3. South Africa: HPCSA registration for psychometrists and healthcare professionals
4. Australia: OTBA registration for OT; ANZACATA registration for creative therapies
5. Canada: Provincial regulation varies; CAOT/CATA/CAMT/DMTAC standards

Professional Association Accreditation (Non-Statutory):
1. USA: AOTA/ACOTE (OT), APA (psychometry), AATA/AMTA/ADTA/NADTA (creative therapies) - state-level regulation varies
2. Europe: WFOT (OT), EMTC (music therapy), EADMT (dance/movement), national associations
3. Latin America: National federations establishing standards; voluntary compliance

Emerging/Developing Regulation:
1. Asia: National associations growing; regulatory frameworks developing
2. Latin America: Professional associations active; statutory regulation limited
3. Africa: South Africa has established regulation; other countries developing

Pattern 5: Clinical Training Requirements

High Clinical Hour Requirements (700+ hours):

USA Art Therapy (AATA): 700 practicum + 1000 internship hours
USA Dance/Movement (ADTA): 700+ supervised hours
USA Music Therapy (AMTA): 1200 hours clinical training
Australia/NZ (ANZACATA): 750 hours minimum for all creative therapies
Australia Music Therapy (AMTA): 640+ hours

Moderate Clinical Hour Requirements (500-800 hours):

UK (HCPC): Typically 500-800 hours for OT and all creative therapies
Ireland (CORU/IACAT): Integrated practicum within programs
Canada: Varies by program and profession

Integrated Clinical Education:

Europe (Bologna Process): Clinical placements integrated within ECTS credit system
Latin America: Practica and internships embedded in Licenciatura programs
Asia: Clinical rotations standard in 4-year bachelor's programs

Pattern 6: Language and Cultural Adaptation

Multilingual Program Availability:

| Language | Countries | Professions Available |
|----------|-----------|----------------------|
| English | USA, Canada, UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ, South Africa, Singapore, Hong Kong, India | All professions |
| Spanish | Spain, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela | Primarily OT, emerging psychometry and music therapy |
| Portuguese | Brazil | OT, music therapy |
| French | France, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada (Quebec), Morocco | OT, limited creative therapies |
| German | Germany, Austria, Switzerland | OT, art therapy, music therapy |
| Dutch | Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders) | OT, music therapy, creative therapies |
| Chinese | China, Taiwan | OT, emerging psychometry |
| Japanese | Japan | OT, emerging creative therapies |
| Korean | South Korea | OT, music therapy |
| Italian | Italy | OT, limited creative therapies |
| Nordic Languages | Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland | OT primarily |

Cultural Adaptation Considerations:

Asia: Integration of Eastern and Western therapeutic approaches (especially in Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand)
Latin America: Strong community and social justice orientation in OT
Pacific/Indigenous Contexts: Integration of traditional healing practices with Western therapeutic models
Africa: Adaptation to resource-limited settings; community-based approaches

Pattern 7: Program Delivery Formats

Traditional On-Campus:

Majority of undergraduate programs globally
Clinical practice and hands-on training requirements
Standard for entry-level professional qualifications

Hybrid/Low-Residency:

Whitecliffe NZ (Creative Arts Therapy) - low-residency model
Pratt Institute (Dance/Movement Therapy) - low-residency option
European Graduate School (Expressive Arts) - summer intensives + distance
Various postgraduate certificates/diplomas

Fully Online:

American University (MS Measurement & Evaluation)
University of Illinois Chicago (MS MESA)
Colorado State (MMT Music Therapy)
UNSW Sydney (Graduate Certificate Mental Health Practice)
UNISA South Africa (PG Dip Applied Psychometry - distance learning)
Ikon Institute Australia (BA Arts Therapy)

Distance/Correspondence:

Canadian art therapy institutes (CiiAT, TATI, KATI, VATI, WHEAT) offer distance options
European programs increasingly offering distance components
Particularly common for postgraduate professional development

Appendices

Appendix A: Country Index

Countries with Formal Programs by Profession:

Occupational Therapy (60+ countries)
Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Rwanda, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Zambia, and others

Psychometry (40+ countries with identified programs)
Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and others

Art Therapy (35+ countries)
Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, and others

Music Therapy (45+ countries)
Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, and others

Dance/Movement Therapy (25+ countries)
Australia, Austria, Belgium, China (limited), Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States, and others

Drama Therapy (15+ countries)
Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, and others (often integrated within expressive arts programs)

Appendix B: Educational System Equivalencies

Degree Duration and Credits:

| System | Bachelor's | Master's | Doctoral |
|--------|-----------|----------|----------|
| North American | 4 years (120-128 credits) | 1-3 years (30-90 credits) | 3-7 years |
| European (Bologna) | 3-4 years (180-240 ECTS) | 1-2 years (60-120 ECTS) | 3-4 years |
| British | 3-4 years (360-480 credits) | 1-2 years (180 credits) | 3+ years |
| Latin American | 4-5 years (Licenciatura) | 2 years (Maestría) | 3-4 years (Doctorado) |
| Asian | 4 years (varies by country) | 2-3 years | 3-5 years |
| Australian | 3-4 years | 1.5-2 years | 3-4 years |

Credit Conversions:

1 ECTS = ~0.5 US credits
60 ECTS = 30 US credits = 1 academic year (European)
120 ECTS = typical European master's degree
180 ECTS = typical European 3-year bachelor's
240 ECTS = typical European 4-year bachelor's

Qualification Levels:

NQF (South Africa): Level 8 = Honours/Postgraduate Diploma
EQF (European): Level 6 = Bachelor's, Level 7 = Master's, Level 8 = Doctorate
AQF (Australian): Level 7 = Bachelor's, Level 9 = Master's, Level 10 = Doctoral

Appendix C: Glossary of Specialised Terms

ACOTE - Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (USA)

ADTA - American Dance Therapy Association

AATA - American Art Therapy Association

AMTA - American Music Therapy Association (USA) or Australian Music Therapy Association

ANZACATA - Australian, New Zealand and Asian Creative Arts Therapies Association

APA - American Psychological Association

Bologna Process - European higher education harmonisation initiative (Bachelor 180-240 ECTS + Master 120 ECTS)

CAOT - Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists

CATA - Canadian Art Therapy Association

CORU - Health and Social Care Professionals Council (Ireland)

ECTS - European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System

EMTC - European Music Therapy Confederation

EADMT - European Association Dance Movement Therapy

HCPC - Health and Care Professions Council (UK) - statutory regulator

HPCSA - Health Professions Council of South Africa

IACAT - Irish Association of Creative Arts Therapists

Licenciatura - Latin American professional bachelor's degree (4-5 years), equivalent to North American bachelor's + professional qualification

NADTA - North American Drama Therapy Association

NQF - National Qualifications Framework (various countries, notably South Africa)

OTC - Occupational Therapy Council (Australia)

OTBA - Occupational Therapy Board of Australia

OTBNZ - Occupational Therapy Board of New Zealand

Pre-Registration - Programs for students without prior professional qualification (e.g., UK MSc OT Pre-Registration)

Post-Professional - Programs for already qualified practitioners seeking advanced training

RCOT - Royal College of Occupational Therapists (UK)

SANATA - South African National Arts Therapies Association

WFOT - World Federation of Occupational Therapists - international accreditation body

Appendix D: Resources for Further Research

Occupational Therapy:

World Federation of Occupational Therapists: https://wfot.org/
American Occupational Therapy Association: https://www.aota.org/
Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists: https://caot.ca/
Royal College of Occupational Therapists (UK): https://www.rcot.co.uk/
Occupational Therapy Australia: https://www.otaus.com.au/

Psychometry:

American Psychological Association Division 5: https://www.apadivisions.org/division-5/
British Psychological Society: https://www.bps.org.uk/
Health Professions Council of South Africa: https://www.hpcsa.co.za/

Creative Therapies:

American Art Therapy Association: https://arttherapy.org/
American Music Therapy Association: https://www.musictherapy.org/
American Dance Therapy Association: https://www.adta.org/
North American Drama Therapy Association: https://www.nadta.org/
ANZACATA: https://anzacata.org/
British Association of Art Therapists: https://baat.org/
European Music Therapy Confederation: https://emtc-eu.com/
European Association Dance Movement Therapy: https://eadmt.com/

Sources

Occupational Therapy Sources

World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). "WFOT Approved Education Programmes." https://wfot.org/education/wfot-approved-education-programmes

World Federation of Occupational Therapists - OTION Forum. "OT Education Programs in Africa." https://otion.wfot.org/d/14-ot-education-programs-in-africa

My German University. "Occupational Therapy (Ergotherapy): Bachelor's Programs in Germany." https://www.mygermanuniversity.com/subjects/occupational-therapy-ergotherapy/bachelor

My German University. "Occupational Therapy (Ergotherapy): Master's Programs in Germany." https://www.mygermanuniversity.com/subjects/occupational-therapy-ergotherapy/master

Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT). "University Programs for Occupational Therapy in Canada." https://caot.ca/site/becomeotota/uniprograms

SRM Institute of Science and Technology. "M.O.T. Mental Health Program." https://www.srmist.edu.in/program/m-o-t-mental-health/

Association of Occupational Therapists of Ireland (AOTI). "Becoming an Occupational Therapist in Ireland." https://www.aoti.ie/what-is-ot/becoming-an-occupational-therapist

American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). "Postprofessional Programs in OT - Doctorate Degree Level." https://www.aota.org/education/find-a-school/postprofessional-programs-in-ot---doctorate-degree-level

Royal College of Occupational Therapists (RCOT). "Routes into Occupational Therapy in the UK." https://www.rcot.co.uk/learn-about-occupational-therapy/become-an-ot/routes

École d'Assas. "Occupational Therapy and the Diplôme d'État in France." https://en.ecoledassas.com/occupational-therapy-and-the-diplome-detat/

Psychometry Sources

American Psychological Association Division 5. "Doctoral Programs List." https://www.apadivisions.org/division-5/resources/doctoral

Assess Systems. "Graduate Degree Guide." https://assess.com/graduate-degree-in-psychometrics/ -

University of South Africa (UNISA). "PG Dip in Applied Psychometry." https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Colleges/Economic-and-Management-Sciences/Schools,-departments,-bureau,-centres-&-institutes/School-of-Management-Sciences/Department-of-Industrial-and-Organisational-Psychology/PG-Dip-in-Applied-Psychometry

University of Groningen. "Research Master Psychometrics and Statistics." https://www.rug.nl/research/gradschool-behavioural-and-social-sciences/research-master/specializations/mh-specialization-psychometrics-statistics

University of Johannesburg. "Short Course in Practical Psychometry." https://www.uj.ac.za/university-courses/short-course-in-practical-psychometry/

Fordham University. "PhD in Psychometrics and Quantitative Psychology." https://www.fordham.edu/academics/departments/psychology/graduate-program/phd-in-psychometrics-and-quantitative-psychology/

Morgan State University. "Graduate Program in Psychometrics." https://www.morgan.edu/psychometrics

Boston College. "MS in Applied Statistics and Psychometrics." https://www.bc.edu/bc-web/schools/lynch-school/academics/departments/mesa/ms-applied-statistics-and-psychometrics.html

Columbia University Teachers College. "PhD/EdD in Measurement & Evaluation." https://www.tc.columbia.edu/human-development/measurement-evaluation-and-statistics/degrees--requirements/measurement-and-evaluation-phd/

University of Cambridge. "Psychometrics Centre." https://www.psychometrics.cam.ac.uk/studentsteaching/prospective-students

Beijing Normal University. "Psychology (Psychometrics) Master's." https://bnu.cucas.cn/program/Psychology-Psychometrics--74182.html

Creative Therapies Sources

American Art Therapy Association (AATA). "Art Therapy Undergraduate & Doctoral Programs." https://arttherapy.org/art-therapy-undergraduate-doctoral-programs/

British Association of Art Therapists (BAAT). "How to Become an Art Therapist." https://baat.org/art-therapy/how-to-become-an-art-therapist/

Canadian Art Therapy Association (CATA). "Becoming an Art Therapist." https://www.canadianarttherapy.org/becoming-an-art-therapist

Australian, New Zealand and Asian Creative Arts Therapies Association (ANZACATA). "Courses Professional." https://anzacata.org/courses-professional

American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA). "Approved Masters Programs." https://www.adta.org/approved-masters-programs

North American Drama Therapy Association (NADTA). "Accredited Schools." https://www.nadta.org/accredited-schools

Irish Association of Creative Arts Therapists (IACAT). Official website. https://www.iacat.ie/

European Music Therapy Confederation (EMTC). "Training Programs." https://emtc-eu.com/training/training-programs/

European Association Dance Movement Therapy (EADMT). "Education." https://eadmt.com/education

World Federation of Music Therapy (WFMT). "Global Classroom Latin America and Caribbean." https://www.wfmt.info/post/global-classroom-latin-america-and-caribbean

LASALLE College of the Arts, Singapore. "MA Art Therapy." https://www.lasalle.edu.sg/programmes/postgraduate/ma-art-therapy

University of Hong Kong (HKU). "Master of Expressive Arts Therapy." https://web.socialwork.hku.hk/programme-admission/master-of-expressive-arts-therapy/

Munster Technological University (MTU), Ireland. "MSc Art Therapy." https://www.mtu.ie/courses/craarth9/ - High Reliability - Official university website

Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. "MA Expressive Arts Therapy." https://www.faa.chula.ac.th/eatcu/

University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), South Africa. "MA Drama Therapy." https://www.wits.ac.za/course-finder/postgraduate/humanities/ma-drama-therapy/

University of Melbourne, Australia. "Master of Music Therapy." https://study.unimelb.edu.au/find/courses/graduate/master-of-music-therapy/

Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada. "Music Therapy MMT." https://www.wlu.ca/programs/music/graduate/music-therapy-mmt/index.html

Seoul Cyber University, South Korea. "Music Therapy." https://www.iscu.ac.kr/global/eng/cont/acade_07_03_01.asp

ArtEZ University of the Arts, Netherlands. "Bachelor Music Therapy" and "Master Music Therapy." https://www.artez.nl/en/courses/bachelor/music-therapy and https://www.artez.nl/en/courses/master/music-therapy

Codarts Rotterdam, Netherlands. "Master of Arts Therapies Music Therapy." https://www.codarts.nl/en/education/masters/master-of-arts-therapies/music-therapy/about/

SRH University Heidelberg, Germany. "MA Dance Movement Therapy." https://www.srh-university.de/en/master/dance-movement-therapy/t/

Berklee College of Music, USA. "Music Therapy." https://college.berklee.edu/music-therapy

MyGermanUniversity. "Art Therapy Programs." https://www.mygermanuniversity.com/subjects/art-therapy

American Board of Examiners in Psychodrama (ABE). Official website. https://psychodramacertification.org/

Asia Pacific Clinical Practice Board (APCB). "Psychodrama Certification." https://apcb.asia/psychodrama-certification/

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Executive Summary

Global Coverage Statistics

Regional Distribution Summary

Document Organisation

How to Use This Document

Navigation Guide

Abbreviation Conventions

Important Notes

SECTION A: OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (Mental Health Focus)

Global Context

Region 1: English-Speaking Countries

Region 2: Europe

Region 3: Asia

Region 4: Latin America

Region 5: Africa

Region 6: Oceania

Mental Health Specialisations in Occupational Therapy

SECTION B: PSYCHOMETRY & PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Global Context

Region 1: English-Speaking Countries

Region 2: Europe

Region 3: Asia

Region 4: Latin America

Region 5: Africa

Region 6: Oceania

Summary by Degree Level

Terminology Variations

SECTION C: CREATIVE/EXPRESSIVE THERAPIES

Global Context

3.2 MUSIC THERAPY

3.3 DANCE/MOVEMENT THERAPY

3.4 DRAMA THERAPY

3.5 PSYCHODRAMA

Quick Reference Tables

Table 1: Entry-Level Education Requirements by Profession and Region

Table 2: Doctoral Programs by Profession and Region

Table 3: Professional Associations and Accrediting Bodies

Table 4: Credential Abbreviations Cross-Reference

Regional Patterns and Insights

Pattern 1: Educational Pathways Evolution

Pattern 2: Geographic Concentration and Gaps

Pattern 3: Profession-Specific Development Stages

Pattern 4: Regulatory Models Across Professions

Pattern 5: Clinical Training Requirements

Pattern 6: Language and Cultural Adaptation

Pattern 7: Program Delivery Formats

Appendices

Appendix A: Country Index

Appendix B: Educational System Equivalencies

Appendix C: Glossary of Specialised Terms

Appendix D: Resources for Further Research

Sources

Occupational Therapy Sources

Psychometry Sources

Creative Therapies Sources

Find Therapists

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